Kaempferol 3-0-

Flavone-type dyes occur in all the higher plants in the leaves, roots, bark, fmits, poUen, and flower petals. None have been found in fungi, mosses, or hchens. The most widespread flavone dyes are quercetin [117-39-5] (12) and kaempferol [520-18-3] (13) ... 

Kaempferol glucoside 323 a-Keto acids 249, 262, 372 3-Ketobetulic acid 59 7-Ketocholesterol 60 Ketoglutaric acid 45, 249 Keto groups, free 273 Ketohexoses 180,181 Ketone peroxides 368 Ketones 72... 

Kaempferol glucoside la 323 Kedde s reagent lb 236,237 1 -Kestose lb 423,424 6-Kestose lb 423 Ketazon lb 280 Keto acids la 262 a-Keto acids la 249,262,372 -, quinoxalone derivatives lb 343... 

Additional information on chemical variation within this species came from studies of exudate and internal (vacuolar) pigments based on broader collections of the fern (Star et al., 1975a, b). Exudate flavonoids, identified from specimens representing the range of the species, were identified as ceroptene [221], the C-methylflavonol pityrogrammin [222], and two derivatives of kaempferol, the 4 -methyl ether [223] and the 7,4 -dimethyl ether [224] (see Fig. 2.69 for stmctures 221-224). 

Table 2.21 Distribution of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides in Cnidoscolus spinosus (after Kolterman et al., 1970)...

An examination of the flavonoids of Villarsia (Bohm et al., 1986) revealed a heterogeneous array of flavonol glycosides, based upon kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, with each species exhibiting a unique assortment. Surprisingly, there were greater similarities between the pigment profile of V capensis and species from eastern Australia, V exaltata (Soland. ex Sims) G. Don from Tasmania and V. reniformis R. Br. from New South Wales, than with species native to... 

---