Kaempferol-3-O-

The plant is known elaborate a series of quite unusual phenanthrene alkaloid derivatives, of which aristoliukine-C, aristofolin A and E, aristolochic acid-la methyl ester, and aristolochic acid. Other chemical constituents found in this plant are flavonoid glycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3,4). Exposure to Aristolochiaceae family is associated with the development of cancer in humans. A significant advance is the toxicological effects of aristolochic acid has been provided by the work of Pezzuto et al. They showed that aristolochic acid is a mutagen... 

Kaempferol-3-0-glucosyl(l-3)rhamnosyl (l-6)galactoside LP° Kaempferol-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnoside ... 

Delphinidin-3-O-glycosides petunidin-3-O-glycosides malvidin-3-O-glycosides quercetin-3-O-glycosides kaempferol-3-O-glycosides... 

Figure 1 Structures of (A) ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, bilobalide, (B) flavonolgly-cosides (R=H kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside R=OH quercetin-3-O-rutinoside R=0CH3 isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside) and (C) ginkgolic acids (R=Ci3H27, C15H31, C15H29, C15H33).

Licania apetala var. apetala (E. May) Fritsch is a tree native to the Amazonian forest. Its leaves were extracted with the same method used for L. licaniaeflora. From the n-butanol extract of the leaves seven flavonoids were obtained quercetin 3-0- 3-D-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (18), quercetin 3-0-a-L-arabinopyranoside (9), taxifolin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (64), myricetin 4 -O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (66), and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (67), [see Fig. (1), (2), (7), and (8)] [18]. 

Astragalin (= Kaempferol-3-O-p-D-glucoside) (flavonol glycoside) Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae) ACE (401 pM) [75]... 

Figure 7.8A HPLC ESI-MS-MS analysis (MS2[M—H] ) of isomeric flavonol diglucosides (a) kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside (glucosyl(l-2)glucoside) (b) kaemp-ferol-3-O-gentiobioside (glucosyl(l-6)glucoside) (c) kaempferol-3,7-di-0-glucoside (Ferreres et al., 2004).

Fig. 2 Phenolic antioxidants isolated from plants 1. quercetin 2. silymarin 3. tranx-resveratrol 4. piceatanmol 5. chlorogenic acid methyl ester 6. l-(3, 4 -Dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,5-Diol 7. l-(3, 4 -Dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,3-Diol 8. kaempferol-3-O-neohespheridoside 9. 5,6,7,4 -Tetrahydroxyfiavonol-3-0-rutinoside 10. floribundones 1 11. fioribundones II 12. (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate and 13. curcumine. (From Refs. °l)...

Kaempferol-3- O-rhamno-sides Zizyphus rugosa Lam/ Rhamnaceae Bark Kaempferol-3-0-rhamnoside, Quercitin 3-0-rhamnoside, Miricetin 3-0-rhamnoside were present in equal proportions in a fraction isolaled from Z. rugosa Lam. In rabbits this fraction produced hypoglycemic effect which progressed as the drug treatment progressed [38],... 

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