Kaempferol derivatives

Kaouadji, M. et al., 6-Hydroxygalangin and C-prenylated kaempferol derivatives from Platanus acerifolia Buds., Phytochemistry, 31, 2131, 1992. 

Buckova, A. et al., A new acylated kaempferol derivative from Lilium candidum. Phytochemistry, 27, 1914, 1988. 

Slimestad, R. et al., Myricetin 3,4 -diglucoside and kaempferol derivatives from needles of Norway spruce, Picea abies. Phytochemistry, 32, 179, 1993. 

N.A. Balsaminones, 2-methoxy-l, 4-naphthoquinone, saponins, quercitin, kaempferol derivatives, balsaminasterol, parinaric acid, hosenkosides.302 Remedy for rashes, pain caused by insect bites, anti-inflammation. 

Other trisaccharides which, it has been suggested, occur in combination with flavonoids in plants are 0-/3-D-glucopyranosyl-(l— 2)-0-a-ii-rhamno-pyranosyl-(l- )-D-glucopyranose as a kaempferol derivative in potato flowers,and a galactosylsophoroside of kaempferol in Pisum arvense. -However, for both, a great deal more work is required before these structures can be fully accepted. 

Catechin is the main flavan-3-ol detected (54 mg/kg), although epicatechin (5 mg/kg), gallocatechin (4 mg/kg) and epigallocatechin (3 mg/kg) have also been found [19]. Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives (kaempferol and quercetin 3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside and 3-galactoside) were present in the fruit skin, at levels of 10 mg/kg fresh weight [21]. 

The external part of the fruit contains several quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, mainly quercetin and kaempferol 3-glucosides and glucuronides. However, other less frequent glycosidic combinations have been reported in specific cultivars [32 33]. 

In Structural terms, the flavonol pentaglycosides cordylasins A (64) and B (65) are characterized by a rare branched tetrasaccharide O-linked at C-3, and a monosaccharide (5-linked at C-7. This branched tetrasaccharide has only been found elsewhere as the glycosidic component of the kaempferol derivative, mildbraedin (66), the main foliar flavonoid of M excelsum (Veitch et al, 2005a). Mildbraedin also occurs in four species of Cordyla s.l. (C. haraka, C. pimata, C. richardii, and C. somalensis), providing... 

A great number of phenolic compounds, including yellow flavonoids, anthocyanins, the ellagic, gallic and p-coumaric acids, as well as quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol derivatives have been identified in the cashew apple (Michodjehoun-Mestres etal. 2009 Hoffinann-Ribani et al. 2009 Brito et al. 2007 Moura et al. 2001), while condensed tannins and anacardic and ascorbic acids have been identified in cashew juice and cajuina. It is also known that cashew apple skins are 15-20 times richer in total phenolic compounds than their flesh (Michodjehoun-Mestres et al. 2009). In addition, lutein, zeinoxanthin, cis- and tra s -P-cryptoxanthin, a-carotene and p-carotene cis and trans) were identified as the major carotenoids present in three different varieties of ripe cashew apple (elongated yellow, elongated red, and rounded red) (Assunfao a/. 2003). 

Harborne, J.B., C.A. Williams, and D.M. Smith Species-Specific Kaempferol Derivatives in Ferns of the Appalachian Asplenium Complex. Biochem. Systematics 1, 51 (1973). 

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