Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside

The plant is known elaborate a series of quite unusual phenanthrene alkaloid derivatives, of which aristoliukine-C, aristofolin A and E, aristolochic acid-la methyl ester, and aristolochic acid. Other chemical constituents found in this plant are flavonoid glycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3,4). Exposure to Aristolochiaceae family is associated with the development of cancer in humans. A significant advance is the toxicological effects of aristolochic acid has been provided by the work of Pezzuto et al. They showed that aristolochic acid is a mutagen... 

Figure 1 Structures of (A) ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, bilobalide, (B) flavonolgly-cosides (R=H kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside R=OH quercetin-3-O-rutinoside R=0CH3 isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside) and (C) ginkgolic acids (R=Ci3H27, C15H31, C15H29, C15H33).

Licania apetala var. apetala (E. May) Fritsch is a tree native to the Amazonian forest. Its leaves were extracted with the same method used for L. licaniaeflora. From the n-butanol extract of the leaves seven flavonoids were obtained quercetin 3-0- 3-D-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (18), quercetin 3-0-a-L-arabinopyranoside (9), taxifolin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (64), myricetin 4 -O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (66), and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (67), [see Fig. (1), (2), (7), and (8)] [18]. 

Our investigation on Malaysian H. diffusa [31] as well as H. her-bacea also yielded quercetin 3-0-glucopyranoside (21) together with quercetin 3-0-rutinoside (24). From H. herbacea, we have found kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (25), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (26), kaempferol 3-O-arabinopyranoside (27) and quercetin 3-0-galactoside (28) [7]. We have also reported kaempferitrin (29) from H. verticillata [32] and isovitexin (30) from the aerial parts of H. dichotoma [33]. 

Quercetin, isorhamnetin, quercitrin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, and morin Betulinic acid, oleanolic add, and ursolic add Vanillic acid, caffeic add, p-coumaric add, ferulic acid, delphinidin, cyanidin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin B3... 

Figure 5 First-order FAB spectra obtained using glycerol (G) as the liquid matrix for kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isolated from a medicinal plant, with and without subsequent desalting. Reprinted with permission from Li QM, Dillen L and Claeys M (1992) Positive ion FAB analysis of flavonoid glycosides. Simple procedures for desalting and control of sodium salt contamination. Biological Mass Spectrometry 2Z 408-410. Copyright John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Fig. 2 Phenolic antioxidants isolated from plants 1. quercetin 2. silymarin 3. tranx-resveratrol 4. piceatanmol 5. chlorogenic acid methyl ester 6. l-(3, 4 -Dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,5-Diol 7. l-(3, 4 -Dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,3-Diol 8. kaempferol-3-O-neohespheridoside 9. 5,6,7,4 -Tetrahydroxyfiavonol-3-0-rutinoside 10. floribundones 1 11. fioribundones II 12. (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate and 13. curcumine. (From Refs. °l)...

Figure 9b. Vitexin-2 -0-a-L-rhamnoside (32), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissi. 33), kaempferol-3-O-mtinoside (nicotiflorin. 34) quercetin-3-O-P-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin. 35) and vitexin (alpigenin 8-C-glucoside. 36).

Kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-P-D-galactopyranoside kaempferol-3-O-P-D-rutinoside (nicotiflorin), quercetin, quercetin-3-0-P-D-glucuronide methyl ester, quercetin-3-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin), quercetin-3-O-P-D-galactopyranoside (hyperoside)... 

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