Journals Early

McMillan had been sure that another element was present in his neptunium fractions. In December, 1940, Seaborg, A. C. Wahl, and J. W. Kennedy separated from neptunium a fraction which had alpha activity and which showed at least two oxidation states. It required stronger oxidizing agents to oxidize this substance than were needed for neptunium. The new element was identified as 94. The notes reporting this discovery were submitted to the journals early in 1941, but were not published until 1946 (67, 68). 

Several medical societies in the United States at that time offered heroin as a safe means of treating morphine addiction. Articles appearing in American medical journals early in the twentieth century spoke highly of heroin s ability to soothe the painful aches, shakes, and vomiting experienced by recovering morphine addicts, and it was widely used as a step down cure. 

Direct Fluorination. This is a more recently developed method for the synthesis of perfluorinated compounds. In this process, fluorine gas is passed through a solution or suspension of the reactant in a nonreactive solvent such as trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113). Sodium fluoride may also be present in the reaction medium to remove the coproduct hydrogen fluoride. There has been enormous interest in this area since the early 1980s resulting in numerous journal pubHcations and patents (7—9) (see Fluorine compounds, organic-direct fluorination). Direct fluorination is especially useful for the preparation of perfluoroethers. 

Although the field of controlled release technology is only a few decades old, the late 1980s and early 1990s have seen an explosion in research aimed at creating new dmg dehvery systems (12) as well as numerous pubHcations that discuss controlled release. In addition, journals and societies have been estabUshed that are devoted to the advancement of dmg dehvery systems. 

The Journal fur Gasbeleuchtung mentions electrolytic corrosion damage caused by direct current cables in Berlin in 1892, and a few years later damage by tramway currents was reported in 14 German towns. As early as 1894 the electrolytic processes of stray current corrosion were explained in detail in this Journal by G.Rasch [65]. 

Andersson, P. 1994 Early Design Phases and their Role in Designing for Quality. Journal of Engineering Design, 5(4), 283-298. 

Fajdiga, M., Jurejevcic, T. and Kerne, J. 1996 Reliability Prediction in Early Phases of Product Design. Journal of Engineering Design, 7(2), 107-128. 

To facilitate maintenance and avoid the tedious scraping and other in ting steps required in early forms of plain journal bearings, replaceahie... 

The problems involved in orienting polymers for improved properties were first surveyed in a special issue of Journal of Materials Science (Ward 1971b). Another early survey of this important modern technology was a book edited by Ciferri and Ward (1979), while a recent authoritative account of the modern technology is by Bastiaansen (1997). 

According to Gatos, the needs of solid-state electronics, not least in connection with various compound semiconductors, were a prime catalyst for the evolution of the techniques needed for a detailed study of surface structure, an evolution which gathered pace in the late 1950s and early 1960s. This analysis is confirmed by the fact that Gatos, who had become a semiconductor specialist in the materials science and engineering department at was invited in 1962 to edit a new journal to be... 

Bis-maleimide resins composed of BMI and diamines have been reported in the early 1960s in the patent literature. Since that time, a number of patents have appeared describing improvements in their properties and uses [3]. Although many bis-maleimide resins are commercially developed, relatively few reports of their use as adhesives are to be found in scientific journals [4-10]. Improvements of maleimide resins are mirrored in the improvements of thermosetting polyimides. For example, the method of in situ polymerization of monomer reactants (PMR method) was developed [6]. 

These early observations on the correlation of structure and pharmacological action in the morphine group have been greatly extended as a result of chemical, pharmacological and clinical work done under the auspices of the American National Committee on Drug Addiction. In addition to numerous papers, contributed by experts serving this Committee, to chemical and pharmacological journals, two important reports have been published —... 

Pharmacological Action. Most of the early observations on the gelse-mium alkaloids were made on amorphous preparations, and the results reeorded are probably further confused by the faet that while in English journals the first erystalline alkaloid obtained was ealled gelsemine and the residual amorphous fraction gelseminine, these two names were used in the opposite sense in some German publieations. 

Brown, C.M., Ackemiann, D.K., Puricli, D.L. and Finlayson, B., 1991. Nucleation of calcium oxalate monoliydrate use of turbidity measurements and computer-assisted simulations in characterising early events in crystal formation. Journal of Crystal Growth, 108, 455 64. 

What the authors did was to combine a MM potential for the solvent with an early (MINDO/2) quantum-mechanical model for the solute. Perhaps because of the biological nature of the journal, the method did not become immediately popular with chemists. By 1998, such hybrid methods had become sufficiently well known to justify an American Chemical Society ACS Symposium (Gao and Thompson, 1998). 

A. B. Sheremetev and N. N. Makhova (N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia) and W. Friedrichsen (University of Kiel, Germany) have reviewed the monocyclic furazans and furoxans. While much of the early work in this area was published in the German and Italian literature, more recently, a large amount has appeared in Russian journals, much of it being released for publication only during the last ten years. This survey should be of great utility to Western readers. 

Figure 2.7 Gas clnomatogram obtained for 500 jl1 of diluted gasoline in -pentane inti O-duced by concunent eluent evaporation, using w-heptane as the co-solvent. Reprinted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 11, K. Grob and E. Muller, Co-solvent effects for preventing broadening or loss of early eluted peaks when using concunent eluent evaporation in capillary GC. Part 2 w-heptane in w-pentane as an example , pp. 560-565, 1988, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

The work on the Plutonium Project in early 1942 was centralized in the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago. The following extract from my journal describes my arrival in Chicago with my colleague Isadore Perlman ... 

Chemists tend to be prolific authors. Some say they have a conceit of authorship, whereas others contend it is pride. Stacey was certainly proud of his many scientific papers (more than 350) and several books. In addition, he was founder-editor of three journals and he was a member of the editorial boards of several others. He was a supporter of Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry from its inception. He served on the advisory board for many years, was associate editor, and contributed to early volumes. 

C.K., Churcher, C.S., Clark, J.D., Grine, F.E., Shipman, R, Susman, R.L., Turner, A. and Watson, V. 1988 New evidence of early hominids, their culture and environment from Swartkrans Cave. South African Journal of Science 84 828-835. 

Person, A., Bocherens, H., Saliege, J.-F, Paris, F., Zeitoun, V. and Gerard, M. 1995 Early diagenetic evolution of bone phosphate an x-ray diffractometry analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 22. 211-221. 

Stacey, N.J., Roberts, K., Carpita, N.C., Wells, B. and McCann, M.C. (1995) Dynamic changes in cell surface molecules are very early events in the differentiation of mesophyll cells from Zinnia elegans into tracheary elements. The Plant Journal, in press. 

Plant, C. G. Wilson, H. J. (1970). Early strengths of lining materials. British Dental Journal, 129, 269-74. 

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