Stronger requirements

The first type of additional service properties is that some signature schemes fulfil stronger versions of the requirements on the results of the three common transactions, in particular disputes. 

One can easily obtain a formal version of this strong requirement of the recipient on disputes from the weak one by replacing the predicate recipient weakly wins by the predicate 

For comparison with the following requirements of the signer, these two possibilities are represented in a small table (ignoring identity parameters to concentrate on the results of disputes)  

Earlier Start of dispute Possible sets of permitted results 

With the signer s requirements, there are more possibilities. The most important ones deal with the following question What happens if the signer does not take part in a dispute about a message she has not authenticated  

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The convexity of Z) is a stronger requirement than necessary, but will be satisfied for all cases of interest here. 

Stronger requirements, i.e., concretizations where the minimal specification is ambiguous. The following classes are actually considered ... 

Stronger requirements on disputes, e.g., different versions of what happens if the signer does not cooperate in a dispute. 

In the following, strong preconditions are made, and stronger requirements with weaker preconditions are additional service properties (see Section 5.2.8, User-Friendliness ). It should not be hard to devise general constructions that transform schemes fulfilling the minimal requirements into schemes fulfilling stronger, safer requirements. 

Note that this is a much stronger requirement than the observation that there are many phenomenological facts that can be given a plausible explanation in terms of a microtheory. 

The function L(h) is the Frechet differential at the point x0 in the direction h, and the operator L( ) is sometimes termed the Frechet derivative at x0. Here, however, we shall reserve the term Frechet derivative to a function equivalent to the Gateaux derivative (32). Frechet differentiability is a stronger requirement than that of Gateaux differentiability, but—with the interpretations we make—the difference is quite subtle. 

Referral procedures to be more open with public hearings Whilst the details are still to be determined, there is wide support for the broad principles and there seems to be little doubt that post-authorisation regulation will become stronger, requirements of industry streamlined and the process more transparent. 

Note that the requirement for all three criteria to be met for each protection layer is a stronger requirement than in the Informative Annex D to BS EN 61511 -3, where these requirements... 

The requiiements for scientific software development have continually increased. Besides the algorithmic core functionality, nowadays there is often a demand for a graphical user interface. In addition to the increasing importance of this visible component, which may still be seen as just an add-on, the software development itself has to fulfill stronger demands on software engineering requirements, such as maintainability and recoverability. 

Since the first-order rate constant for nitration is proportional to y, the equilibrium concentration of nitronium ion, the above equations show the way in which the rate constant will vary with x, the stoichiometric concentration of dinitrogen tetroxide, in the two media. An adequate fit between theory and experiment was thus obtained. A significant feature of this analysis is that the weak anticatalysis in pure nitric acid, and the substantially stronger anticatalysis in partly aqueous nitric acid, do not require separate interpretations, as have been given for the similar observations concerning nitration in organic solvents. 

The conditions required for the sodium borohydride reduction of 2-amino-5-acylthiazoles are stronger than those used for the reduction of 2-acylamino-5-acylthiazole (476). 

Figure 9.8b shows a titration curve for a mixture consisting of two weak acids HA and HB. Again, there are two equivalence points. In this case, however, the equivalence points do not require the same volume of titrant because the concentration of HA is greater than that for HB. Since HA is the stronger of the two weak acids, it reacts first thus, the pH before the first equivalence point is controlled by the HA/A buffer. Between the two equivalence points the pH reflects the titration of HB and is determined by the HB/B buffer. Finally, after the second equivalence point, the excess strong base titrant is responsible for the pH. 

Medicated Dandruff Shampoos. Dandmff is a scalp condition characterized by the production of excessive cellular material (18). A number of shampoos have been marketed which are designed to control and alleviate this condition, and many additives have been included in shampoo compositions to classify them as treatment products for dandmff. These additives include antimicrobial additives, eg, quaternary ammonium salts keratolytic agents, eg, saUcychc acid and sulfur heavy metals, eg, cadmium sulfide coal tar resorcinol and many others. More recent (ca 1993) systems use selenium sulfide [7488-56-4] or zinc pyrithione [13463-41 -7] as active antidandmff shampoo additives. Both of these additives are classified as dmgs, but can be found in over-the-counter products. A stronger version, incorporating the use of higher levels of selenium sulfide in a shampoo, is available but requires a prescription for purchase. 

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