Journal general

Hefferlin, R. andBurdick, G.W. 1994. Fizicheskie i Khimicheskie Periodicheskie Sistemy Molekul. Zhumal Obshchei Khimii 64 1870-1885. (English translation 1994. Periodic Systems of Molecules Physical and Chemical. Russian Journal General Chemistry 64 1659-1674.)... 

Unfortunately, in most cases not all the available information on a reaction is given in the reaction equation in a publication, and even less so in reaction databases. To obtain a fuller picture of the reaction that was performed, the text describing the experimental procedure in the publication or a lab journal) would have to be consulted. Reaction products that are considered as trivial, such as water, alcohol, ammonia, nitrogen, etc., are generally not included in the reaction equation or mentioned in the text describing the experimental work. This poses serious problems for the automatic identification of the reaction center. It is highly desirable to have the full stoichiometry of a reaction specified in the equation. 

Figure 7.2 from Alder B J and TE Wainwright 1959. Studies in Molecular Dynamics. 1. General Method. The Journal of Chemical Physics 31 459-466. 

Lavery R and H Sklenar 1988. The Definition of Generalized Helicoidal Parameters and of A> Curvature for Irregular Nucleic Acids. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 5 63-91. 

Karfunkel H R and R J Gdanitz 1992. Ah initio Prediction of Possible Crystal Structures for General Organic Molecules. Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 1171-1183. 

Needleman S B and C D Wunsch 1970. A General Method Applicable to the Search for Similarities in the Amino Acid Sequences of Two Proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 48 443-453. 

Zhumal Obschei Khimii or Journal of General Chemistry, U.S.S.R. 

Some journal articles with general discussions are... 

The lUPAC rules are not the only nomenclature system in use today Chemical Abstracts Service sur veys all the worlds leading scientific journals that publish papers relating to chemistry and publishes brief abstracts of those papers The publication Chemical Abstracts and its indexes are absolutely es sential to the practice of chemistry For many years Chemical Abstracts nomenclature was very similar to lUPAC nomenclature but the tremendous explosion of chemical knowledge has required Chemical Abstracts to modify Its nomenclature so that its indexes are better adapted to computerized searching This means that whenever feasible a compound has a sin gle Chemical Abstracts name Unfortunately this Chemical Abstracts name may be different from any of the several lUPAC names In general it is easier to make the mental connection between a chemical structure and its lUPAC name than its Chemical Abstracts name... 

The starting points for many conventions in spectroscopy are the paper by R. S. Mulliken in the Journal of Chemical Physics (23, 1997, 1955) and the books of G. Herzberg. Apart from straightforward recommendations of symbols for physical quantities, which are generally adhered to, there are rather more contentious recommendations. These include the labelling of cartesian axes in discussions of molecular symmetry and the numbering of vibrations in a polyatomic molecule, which are often, but not always, used. In such cases it is important that any author make it clear what convention is being used. 

It is common to employ microwave power monitoring by means of a dual-directional coupler in the waveguide transmission system between the power tube and the useful load. Part of the coupled signals may be used for examination with spectmm analy2ers, frequency meters, and other microwave instmmentation for special purposes. Generally, this is not necessary in a practical appHcation. Many microwave measurement techniques have been described (59,60). AvailabiHty of components, plumbing, and instmmentation is weU described in trade journals. 

The bulk of the patent specification is the disclosure, the text and illustrations that describe the claimed invention in detail and explain how the claimed invention differs from the prior art. Modem patent disclosures contain a summary of the claimed invention, a description of the background of the invention, a general description of the way in which the invention is made and used, specific examples, and, where appHcable, drawings of the invention in general or specific embodiments. The technical information provided in a patent specification may be used without infringing the patent only practicing the invention defined in the claims within the term and territory of the patent grant is forbidden. Because much of the information in patent specifications is never pubHshed in refereed journals or other nonpatent media, patent disclosures are an invaluable part of the technical Hterature. 

Vacuum systems, largely for the semiconductor industry, are the main source of sales (see Semiconductors). The sales of all vacuum equipment, pumps (qv), valves, sensors (qv), etc, in the United States, including apphcations not in vacuum systems, generally exceed 500 X 10 /yr. A reasonably comprehensive hst of high vacuum manufacturers is supphed by the American Vacuum Society s exhibitor s hst. In Europe, a special issue of the journal A acuum serves similady. 

Several hundred types of Hquid phases are commercially available. These have been used individually or in combination with other Hquid phases, inorganic salts, acids, or bases. The selection of stationary phases for a particular appHcation is beyond the scope of this article, however, it is one of the most important chromatographic tasks. Stationary phase selection is discussed at length in books, journal articles, and catalogs from vendors. See General References for examples. 

These contain most of the dyes and intermediates on chemistry and technology, but in general are more difficult to access than books and journals. Dyes are classified under Section E2 of Derwents Wodd Patents Index Classification. 

In all cases we have tried to include the first reported reference, a reference to an experimental procedure and whenever possible a review reference (journal or Organic Reactions). In general, we did not include references to books, series of monographs or to Organic Syntheses chemists will of course consult these where available. 

Chase, K. W., Gao, J. and Magleby, S. P. 1995 General 2D Tolerance Analysis of Mechanical Assemblies with Small Kinematic Adjustments. International Journal oj Design and Manufacture, 5(4), 263-274. 

Nagode, M. and Fajdiga, M. 1998 A General Multi-Modal Probability Density Function Suitable for the Rainflow Ranges of Stationary Random Processes. Int. Journal of Fatigue, 20(3), 211-223. 

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