Javanica

Javanine C. Calisaya var. Javanica. Rhombic plates. Hesse, Ber., 1877, 10, 2162. 

Sambucus javanica, known as Ch ou ts ao, meaning "stinkweed," is warm and sweet. As a medicine it is employed to reduce swelling. Topically, both varieties are used for bone pain, swellings, muscular spasms and traumatic injuries. 

The family Caprifoliaceae comprises approx 400 species, of which Lonicera japonica Thunb., Lonicera affinis Hook and Arn, Lonicera confusa DC, Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex. Bl, Sambucus sieboldiana (Miq.) Graebn, and Weigela floribunda (Sieb. and Zucc.) K. Koch, are used to treat inflammatory conditions in Asia and the Pacific. There is an expanding body of evidence to suggest that biflavonoids from this family might hold some potential as phospholipase A2 inhibitors. One such compound is ochnaflavone from Lonicera japonica Thunb. 

Fig. 5. Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Bl. From Plants of Indonesia. Bali Timur, karangasem. On skirt of Gunung Agung, 1-3 km of Besakih. altitude 1100 m, 8° 21 S -11 5° 26 E. in secondary forest. 

Acriopsis javanica Reinw. is an epiphyte orchid that grows in Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The pseudobulbs are 5 X 1.5 cm and develop thick roots. Each pseudobulb produces three leaves, which are linear and 25 cm X 9 mm. The influorescences are 60 long and branched panicles. The flowers are 7 mm long and pale purple (Fig. 56). 

Malays drink a decoction of the whole plant that is used to reduce fever. In Indonesia, the juice expressed from the pseudobulbs is used to assuage earache, and a paste of the pseudobulb is applied externally to lower blood pressure and reduce fever. The pharmacological potential of this plant is unexplored. Is the antipyretic and analgesic property of Acriopsis javanica linked to a dopaminergic effect ... 

Fig. 56. Acriopsis javanica. From Flora of Malaya. Geographical localization S. Salat on Endau river, Johore. Rocky upper reaches, epiphyte. 

Fig. 8.1. Giant cells induced by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots. Four giant cells (1-4) are evident. The nematode (n) has contracted during fixation. Scale bar = 50 pm.

Bird, AF. (1962) The inducement of giant cells by Meloidogyne javanica. Nematologica... 

Bird, A.F. (1967) Changes associated with parasitism in nematodes. I. Morphology and physiology of preparasitic and parasitic larvae of Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Parasitology 53, 768-776. 

Bird, AF. (1968) Changes associated with parasitism in nematodes. IV. Cyto-chemical studies on the ampulla of the dorsal esophageal gland of Meloidogyne javanica and on exudations from the buccal stylet. Journal of Parasitology 54, 879-890. 

Bird, A.F. (1986) The influence of the actinomycete, Pasteuria penetrans, on the host-parasite relationship of the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Parasitology 93, 571-580. 

Bird, A.F. and Loveys, B.R. (1980) The involvement of cytokinins in a host-parasite relationship between the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). Parasitology 80, 497-505. 

Bird, A.F., Downton, J.S. and Hawker, J.S. (1975) Cellulase secretion by second stage larvae of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). Marcellia 38, 165-169. 

Koltai, H., Chejanovsky, N., Raccah, B. and Spiegel, Y. (1997) The first isolated collagen gene of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is developmen-tally regulated. Gene 196, 191-199. 

Lambert, K.N., Allen, K.D. and Sussex, I.M. (1999) Cloning and characterization of an esophageal-gland-specific chorismate mutase from the phytoparasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 12, 328-336. 

Ferris H and Zheng L (1999), Plant sources of Chinese herbal remedies effects on Pratylenchus neglectus and Meloidogyne javanica , J Nematol, 31, 241-263. 

Zasada I A and Ferris H (2003), Sensitivity of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans to isothiocyanates in laboratory assays , Phytopathology, 93, 747-750. 

Cenis JL (1984) Control of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica by soil solarization. In Proceedings of the 6th congress of the phytopathological Mediterranean Union, Cairo, Egypt, 1-6 October 1984, p 132... 

Plesofsky-vig N, Brambl R (1985) The heat shock response of fungi. Exp Mycol 9 187-194 Ploeg AT, Stapleton JJ (2001) Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plant by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Nematology 3 855-861 Pokharel RR (1995) Effect of crop rotation and solarization on the population densities of rice root nematode Hirschmanniella spp. in Nepal. Int Rice Res Notes 20 28-29... 

Noorshahida A, Wong TW, Choo CY. (2009) Hypoglycemic effect of qnassinoids from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (Simaroubaceae) seeds. J Ethnopharmacol 124 586-591. 

Canthin-6-ones Ailanthus altissima Brucea javanica... 

Quassinoids —The antileukaemic activity of some quassinoids has revived interest in this group. Three new biologically active compounds have been isolated. Quassimarin (118) occurs in Quassia amara with the inactive simalikalactone D (129) 86 Bruceoside A, from Brucea javanica, is the glucoside (120). The third... 

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