Japan Chinese imports from

On the other hand, in Japan, Sang-Bai-Pi (the root bark of Chinese mulberry tree) imported from China has been used as an herbal medicine, hence a study of the components of this crude drug purchased in the Japanese market was undertaken. Its phenolic components are different from those of Japanese mulberry tree. For example, morusin (3) and kuwanon G (1) are the main phenolic components of Japanese mulberry tree, in the case of Sang-Bai-Pi , these components are minor ones, while sanggenons A (4) [16], C (5) [17], and D (33) [61] are the main components [24]. Sanggenons C (5) and D (33) showed the hypotensive effects as follows Sanggenon C (5) caused transient decrease in arterial blood pressure at the doses of 1 mg/kg in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbit by 15 mm Hg, while at the doses of 5 mg/kg the compound (5) caused a transient decrease by 100 mm Hg, which continued for more... 

Currently PMC, USA is a key manufacturer (approx. 600 tpa). Japan used to manufacture this item. However, currently, Japan is importing the material mostly as p-cresidine-or /io-sulfonic acid from both China and India. Two or three Chinese companies are producing the material and they offer very low price. p-Cresidine is also sold as p-cresidine vinyl sul-fones (pCVS). World demand is estimated at around 1800 tpa. 

Another important anticancer natural product is camptothecin, an alkaloid derived from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata Descne. A semisynthetic water-soluble derivative of camptothecin known as ironotecan (Topotecin , Campto ) was introduced in Japan in 1994 for the treatment of lung, ovarian, and cervical cancers. Unlike Taxol, camptothecin acts by inhibition of the enzyme topoisomerase I. 

Because wheat flour, which comprises 70-75% starch, accounts for >95% of the dry solids in Oriental noodles, it is not surprising that the quality of noodles varies with starch properties.534 Quality differences of Chinese yellow noodles produced from Australian and US wheats are attributable to their starch properties.535 The water-holding capacity of starch was strongly correlated with the viscoelastic properties of Japanese noodles.536 Numerous researchers have provided evidence that moderately high swelling wheat starch in flour is important to the quality of Japanese salt noodles.313,534,537-549 By contrast, wheat flours with low-swelling starch are preferred for alkaline noodles in Japan.550... 

The Chinese government has indicated that it recognizes the importance of local support for chemical weapons destruction. The issue s visibility in local and national newspapers is important and may join with the burgeoning Chinese environmental movement to shift discussion away from criticism of Japan to focus on the pragmatics of destruction. 

Astr ali radix" (AR) [83] is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used in China and Japan. It is used to improve naturally weak constitutions, as an invigorating drug to improve the immune response, often for the elderly, and to coxmter unbalanced nutrition in China. The immunostimulant effect of polysaccharides, isolated from A. membranaceus, has been proved so many authors recommend that this plant may be used in immunotherapy. It is chiefly used as a decoction. 

Several methods can be used for the production of carbon black. The Lampblack Process, the oldest of all, was developed by the Chinese. Initially, vegetable oil was burned in small lamps with tile covers to accumulate the carbon black formed. Later, shallow pans were used in systems with a restricted air supply. Carbon black in this process was recovered from smoke in settling chambers. This method is still used for production of small quantities of carbon black. The Channel Black Process is another method useful in the past and not important for present production. Natural gas is used as a raw material in this process it is burned in close proximity to steel channels on which carbon black is deposited. Carbon black is removed from the channels by scrapers and falls into hoppers beneath the channels. This process was discontinued in the USA in 1976 because of the price of natural gas, smoke pollution, and low yield. It is still being used in Germany, Eastern Europe, and Japan. 

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