Item-specific containers

This explains why the containers must be customized, but not why they need to be returnable. Single-use, item-specific containers could be quite expensive, but using returnable containers means sending empties back to suppliers. Clearly, the economics of doing it depend on how far that is and, more specifically, on whether there are opportunities for return freight. 

That is, from the strict point of view of transportation, the economics of returnable containers are favorable with local suppliers but not with remote or overseas suppliers. The customer plant, however, always needs item-specific containers that present the parts appropriately, and cannot be cheap enough unless they are returnable. The consolidation center emerges as the solution to reconcile these conflicting needs. 

More than 1000 individual items were contained in 22 oral responses from a 2-day public hearing and 174 written responses to the proposal. Many responses commented on both general issues, such as scope, and specific details in individual sections and paragraphs. The preamble to the final regulations addressed these comments in detail, and modifications, both substantial and editorial, were included in the final regulations, which were issued on December 22, 1978, and became effective June 20, 1979 [6]. 

That the schema measures are highly situation-specific can be seen in the fact that the same schema measures for the first item, which are based only on the students responses to Change and Restate exercises, do not account for responses on the second item, which contains a Vary and a Group situation (F (4,9) < 1.0). Similarly, a model based on schema measures for Group and Vary satisfactorily accounts for the second item which contains those two situations (F (4,9) =7.74, p <. 01, R =. 88, adjusted R2 =. 67) but fails to account for the first item containing Change and Restate (F(4,9) = 1.69, p <. 25). 

CFR761 41CFR101-42.1102-2(b)(2) SF 122 4.8.4.S To obtain GSA s approval for transfers of excess PCBs or PCB items, (a) the items shall be intact, non-leaking, and totally enclosed, and (b) the SF 122 shall cite the specific provision in 40CFR761 that allows continued use of the item, and contains a certification that the product has been inspected by the transferee and that it complies with all applicable provisions of 40CFR761. 

Initially, we will assume a simple model where tiie specification is a fist 5 = (si, S2, , sn), in which each item sj contains the phoneme identity, a duration and one or more FO values. Recall from Chapter 9 that the FO contour is necessarily dependent on the timing information, since the FO generator must produce an FO contour that matches the length of the utterance. One option is to specify the FO contour on a frame-by-frame basis, so that if we had, say, a phoneme of duration 50 ms and a frame shift of 10 ms, we would have five FO values in the specification. A phoneme of duration 70 ms would have seven frames and so on ... 

The consolidation center is not used for every item. Indeed, suppliers deliver directly all the items other than those explicitly identifed for the consolidation center. Returnable containers with item-specific dunnage are used for local deliveries on milk runs because (1) they save assembler time and disposal costs, (2) their number caps the amount of parts in circulation, and (3) the trucks that ride back to the supplier plant would otherwise be empty. The economics of returnable containers become less favorable for distant suppliers, whose remote or overseas locations may provide opportunities for return freight. 

Lean producers insistence on reusable containers with item-specific dunnage is puzzling to those who are not used to it, because it appears to be an unnecessary expense. Why not just use pallets and disposable cardboard boxes Single-use containers appear to be cheaper, even after including their disposal cost. Let us explore why it is not so. 

Returnable containers are made of sturdy plastics and contain item-specific dunnage that separates and presents parts to assemblers one by... 

This is the information required to drive operations on a daily basis. The flow of kanbans from the plant tells the consolidation center what should be picked and delivered. On the other side of the flowracks, the palletunloading fixtures should be sequenced by item, and the corresponding trailers should be brought to the docks. Outside in the yard, incoming truck drivers should drop off their full trailers at an assigned location, get appropriate credit for them, and know which empty trailer to take away. If the empty trailers contain skids or blow-molded separators, they are also item specific. The drivers also should be directed to the return freight, unrelated to the plant, that they may carry on the way back. 

The new spring was evaluated by subjecting it to the standard performance requirements of the Rediffusion specification. This specification contains a large number of performance requirements and test procedures, covering the various components and the functioning of the assembled switch. The items which are of particular relevance to the indexing spring are a life test which tests its durability, and a torque test which ensures that the action of the switch is not too stiff. 

Today, advances in codes, computer speed, and avaii-abiUty of cross-section data make possible a calculational evaluaUon of a complicated piece of equipment including effects of adjacent objects, poisons, and changes in process parameters (e.g., concentration or normality). Thus it is imperative that all possible steps be taken to ensure the correctness of the calculational result. For this reason a Quality Plan for the Nuclear Safe Calculational Program was written in 1977 and is currently being implemented. The plan contains some items specific to computer calculations, but the general requirements of documentation, validation, and application are relevant to any calculational method. 

Returnable containers are made of sturdy plashes and contain item-specific dunnage that separates and presents parts to assemblers one by one. The top shelf is slanted in the opposite direchon and used to return emphes. The main reason is that the containers used on the line side present parts to the assemblers, and the lean philosophy is that they must be designed for the assemblers convenience. In prachce, most plant managers view transporters and assemblers as equivalent, when in fact they are not. First, there are ten times more assemblers than transporters. Second, the assemblers are linked together in a chain of balanced operahons leading to shipment of a product. Each assembler is a bottleneck, so that each second added to an assembler job means one second added to the jobs of all the assemblers on the same line. 

In a process similar to that described in the previous item, the stored data can be used to identify not just a series of compounds but specific ones. For example, any compound containing a chlorine atom is obvious from its mass spectrum, since natural chlorine occurs as two isotopes, Cl and Cl, in a ratio of. 3 1. Thus its mass spectrum will have two molecular ions separated by two mass units (35 -i- 2 = 37) in an abundance ratio of 3 1. It becomes a trivial exercise for the computer to print out only those scans in which two ions are found separated by two mass units in the abundance ratio of 3 1 (Figure 36.10). This selection of only certain ion masses is called selected ion recording (SIR) or, sometimes, selected ion monitoring (SIM, an unfortunate... 

Article Exemptions. You do not have to factor into threshold or release determinations quantities of a listed toxic chemical contained In an article when that article is processed or used at your facility. An article is defined as a manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end-use, and that does not release a toxic chemical under normal conditions of the processing or use of that item at the facility. 

To accomplish this, you need to specify either in the quality plan or the documented procedures, the inspections and tests you intend to carry out to verify that the product meets specified requirements. In Part 2 Chapter 4 there is a description of a Design Verification Plan and this includes a specification of the tests and inspections to be performed on each production item as a means of ensuring that the qualified design standard is being maintained. This requires that you produce something like an Acceptance Test Plan which contains, as appropriate, some or all of the following ... 

Aucordiug toSch immel i Co, normal American worm-seed oil con lams from 63 to 63 per cent. oI ascaridol, and about 22 per cent, ol cymene. Light oils o( iufcrior qnalitv, duo probably to the quality ol the material distilled, having a specific gravity abont 0 942, contain Item 45 to 50 per cent, of ascaridol aod aboal 36 per cent, ol hvdrooaibons. ii... 

When ammo is manufactured, an ammunition lot number is assigned in accordance with pertinent specifications. As an essential part of the marking, this lot number is stamped or marked on the item, size permitting, as well as on all packing containers. It is required for all purposes of record, including reports on condition, functioning, and accidents, in which the ammo is involved. To provide for the most uniform functioning, all of the components in any one lot are manufactured under as nearly identical conditions as practicable... 

In Table 15, the compn and N contents of specific items of clothing are given, and the LLL workers have also estimated the N content equivalency in terms of sticks of Dynamite (where one stick of Dynamite is taken to contain 20g of N)... 

A Small but important daSS of fOi mUlatiOnS comprises the Composite Solid Rocket Propellants. Composites typically contain a major amount of an oxidizer such as AP or HMX, a metal powder such as Al, a binder which is one or another type of rubber (or double-base), and up to a dozen trace ingredients such as catalysts, stabilizers, etc. There are literally hundreds of formulations, all to a degree similar and the choice comes down to specific missions, economics, and special requirements Loading of End Items. The blends and formulations described above may be loaded into their hardware in the plant where they are made, or they may be shipped to another plant for Load/... 

The results of this situation can be readily foreseen. A requisition for a specific item is occasionally filled with an item which, at first glance, appears to be the one requested but, actually, was formulated for a different purpose and is either inadequate or dangerous to use for the intended purpose. A specific example of the hazards inherent in this situation may be found in the case of insecticide space spray composed of 1% DDT, 0.1% pyrethrins, or 2.5% thiocyanate in deodorized kerosene and 5% residual-effect DDT, both of which are issued in 5-gallon steel drums. Obviously, if a requisition for residual-effect DDT were to be filled with space spray, the application of the solution as a residual-effect compound w ould be of little or no value. Under some conditions, when stocks have been exposed to such adverse weather conditions that all gross identifying marks have been removed from the containers, the assumption has been made by the untrained native laborers that all unidentifiable cans of the same size contained the same material. Were it possible to have just one insecticide for all military purposes, such a situation could easily be avoided. 

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