Italy grants

The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. M. Piattelli (University of Catania, Italy) for helpful suggestions. Financial support was obtained from the Ministero della Istruzione, Universita e Ricerca (MIUR, Roma, Italy - grant PRIN 2001) and from the Universita degli Studi di Catania (Catania, Italy - Progetti di Ricerca di Ateneo). 

This work was partially supported by OTKA (T-30110 and T-38071) and FKFP-0090/2001 and M.LU.R (Italy) grants and the ESF Program Reactor . 

This work was supported by Telethon-Italy (grant no. GGP02190), and by the Progetto MIUR-CNR Genomica Funzionale-Legge 449/97. ... 

Many firms are finding areas such as Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and southern Italy, where unemployment rates are relatively high and governments offer property tax exemptions, grants toward capital investment, low interest loans, and other incentives, attractive from those standpoints. Some of these areas have developed a good infrastmcture based on businesses already attracted to the area. 

It is said that Alexander the Great introduced Indian cotton into Egypt in the fourth century BC, and from there it spread to Greece, Italy, and Spain. During the year AD 700, China began growing cotton as a decorative plant, and AD 798 saw its introduction into Japan. Early explorers in Pern found cotton cloth on exhumed mummies that dated to 200 BC. Cotton was found in North America by Columbus in 1492. About 300 years later, the first cotton mill was built in Beverly, Massachusetts, and in 1794 EH Whitney was granted a patent for the invention of the cotton gin. 

This work was supported by grants from the Ministero deUTstruzione, deU Universita e deUa Ricerca (MIUR), from the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (Rome, Italy) and the Regione Campania (Naples, Italy). 

This work was supported in part by the National Research Council of Italy, Special Project RAISA, subproject N. 2 by the Ministero deUe Risorse Agricole e Forestall (MIRAAF), and by the European Community Grant AIR3-CT94-2215. 

This work was supported by the Italian University and Scientific Research Ministry (grants 2003039537 005 and 2005032388 004) and by the University of Ferrara, Italy it was also supported by grant T 048887 from the Hungarian National Science Foundation (OTKA). 

The authors thank the EU (HCM program Metals and Environmental Problems 1995-1998, Grant ERBCHRHX-CT94-0632) and the Ministero dell Ambiente (Italy, Contract PR/l/C) for financial support. 

Spheripol A process for making polypropylene and propylene co-polymers. Homopolymerization is conducted in the liquid phase in a loop tubular reactor co-polymerization is conducted in the gas phase in a fluidized-bed reactor. The catalyst is treated with a special silane. The product is in the form of beads of up to 5 mm in diameter. Developed by Montecatini, Italy, and first licensed by Himont, United States, and Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Japan. In 1989, 29 licenses had been granted worldwide. Now offered for license by Montell, a joint venture between Montedison and Shell. See also Addipol. 

This work was supported by FONDECYT, under grant N° 1146-91. One of us (R.C.) is deeply indebted to the Commission of European Communities for providing support through a Marie Curie Fellowship N° 93-0188, that permitted to complete this work at Universita Degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. The warm hospitality and helpful suggestions of Professor J. Tomasi are also very much appreciated. P. Perez is a CONICYT Graduate Program fellow. 

By 1641 the two boys had grown tired of life in Geneva and asked their father for permission to travel in Italy. Permission was granted,... 

Acknowledgements. The many experimental sections were supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft , Part of this review was written at the Istituto di Chimica Biologica, University di Roma, Italy. The travel support by the Thyssen Stiftung is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks go to Prof. Dr. G. Rotilio for his helpful comments. 

This research was supported in part by a NATO grant (to L. Mar-zilli and L. Randaccio), in part by a grant to L. Randaccio from C. N. R., Rome, Italy, and in part from NIH Grant No. GM 29225 (to L. Mar-zilli). This research was initiated at Johns Hopkins University. 

Acknowledgements The laboratory work of the authors is supported by research grants from Fundagao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Gulbenkian Foundation, PRIN-MIUR Ministero dell Istruzione, dell Universita e della Ricerca, Ente Cassa di Risparmio, Firenze, Italy and European Union (COST B30). 

This work was supported by grants 60% from M.U.R.S.T- Universita di Firenze (Italy)... 

The experimental data reported in this paper pertain to work supported by grants from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( C.N. R. ), Italy. 

This work was supported by grants from the National Research Council, the Istituto Superiore della Sanita, the Sardinian Department of Health and Welfare, and the Gioventu in Armonia (GIOI A) Foundation (Pisa, Italy). 

Until the end of 1992, the multistate procedure, which also relied on a mutual recognition of national approvals, operated on a very similar basis and has been very disappointing. Objections against the initial assessment and approval as well as against CPMP opinions were not exceptions, but the rule. The introduction of time limits for the evaluation and responses by the national authorities must also be considered as illusory. The average period to grant or refuse a national licence, after the CPMP opinion was formulated, varied between six months in Luxembourg and 26 months in Italy (Charlesworth, 1992). The limitation for this step was initially 30 days and was subsequently extended to 60 days ... 

This work was supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project I 47 741), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsehaft (Project Re 923/8-1), and Russian Fimds for Basic Research (Grant No. 01-02-16287). We are grateful to K. Yoshino and M. Ozaki (Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Japan), V. Lazarev (Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia), and G. Gipparrone, N. Scaramuzza, and M. de Santo (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita della Calabria, Rende (Cs), Italy) for their participation in our experiments. 

Millard Alexander is grateful to the U. S. National Seienee Foundation for support under grant no. CHE-9971810. The participation of Dimitris Skouteris has been made possible by MIUR (COFIN 2001) of Italy and a postdoetoral fellowship within the EC-RT Network Reaetion Dynamies. The authors wish to thank David Manolopoulos, Hans-Joachim Werner, Piergiorgio Casaveeehia and Nadia Balueani for their eneouragement and for many useful diseussions. 

F Grandori Politecnico di Milano, Italy W E Grant Texas A M University, USA S Grilli University of Rhode Island, USA R H J Grimshaw, Loughborough University, UK... 

Pharmaceutical companies in Italy also often provide study grants. Farmaindustria has established a certification procedure for donations and grants that may be audited. ... 

This work was supported by the Ontario Brain Institute (OBI)— Eplink The OBI Epilepsy Project the Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) the Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC) the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Epilepsy Canada and an International Scientific Cooperation grant between the Region of Lombardia, Italy and Canada (ID 16755). We thank Dr. Craig Behnke for permission to adapt the image presented in Figs. 1 and 2. 

Studies of the detailed records of early grants in other countries suggest that the idea of a patent system spread over Europe from Italy with emigrating Venetian glassworkers. 

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