Tubular-loop reactor

Figure 4.3 Tubular-loop reactor for the production of algal biomass...

Tubular loop reactors, 25 710 Tubular membrane modules, 25 821 Tubular pervaporation modules,... 

Description In the Spheripol process, homopolymer and random copolymer polymerization takes place in liquid propylene within a tubular loop reactor (1). Heterophasic impact copolymerization can be achieved by adding a gas-phase reactor (3) in series. 

A novel fermentation system, a tubular loop reactor (Figure 4.3), has been developed at laboratory scale which is capable of producing algal cultures with densities of 20 g dry wt r . This system converts 18% of incident solar energy, far in excess of the 7% in algd ponds and 1-2% in agriculture. Such a system mves a theoretical output in Eurc an climates of 100 )00-150,000 kg protein ha year, and could be operated in arid regions as the water is conserved and can be recycled. 

In experiments [43] in a laboratory tubular loop reactor a reaction partner (A) was recirculated and the second (B) added intermittently isokinetically via a concentric capillary tube. (An isokinetic bringing together of reaction partners does not mean, however, that in both streams e would be equal). The pipe flow was turbulent and plug flow could be expected. 

Figure 3.29. Graphic representation of the formal macroapproach to kinetic modeling of yeast metabolism, showing the dependence of yield coefficient lxis respectively maximum product concentration on initial glucose concentration in batch cultures. Compared are a conventional stirred tank (curve B) and a horizontal tubular loop reactor with mechanical agitation and aeration (curve A), both working at constant /cLiU-value (700 h" ). (Adapted from A. Moser, 1977a.)...

By far the most commonly used PP-process is Montell s Spheripol Process. The first reaction stage consists of one or two tubular loop reactors where bulk polymerization of homopolymers, random and terpol5nners is carried out in liquid propylene. The prepolymerized catalyst, liquid propylene, hydrogen for controlling molecular weight and eventually comonomers are continuously fed into the reactor in which polymerization takes place at temperatures of 60-80°C and pressures of 35-40 bar. The tubular configuration enables a perfect heat transfer and control of the reaction temperature. 

As already mentioned, Mitsui and Montedison are the pioneers of the supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Their independently developed polymerization processes are based on improved catalyst generations of the joint Ziegler-Natta development started in 1975. One of the major differences between the two processes is the concept of the homopolymerization stage. Instead of tubular loop reactors, Mitsui uses stirred tank vessels. 

RingschlitzdUse tubular film/ bubble Schlauchfolie, Blasfolie tubular-flow reactor Stromungsrohrreaktor tubular loop reactor Rohrschlaufenreaktor... 

Medium and low molecular weight polymers are produced in solution processes in light hydrocarbons in CSTR reactors or in recirculating tubular (loop) reactors. The molecular weight is controlled by monomer purity, initiator, water content, and temperature. 

Common to all polymerization units is the bulk polymerization section for homo- and random- copolymers. This bulk polymerization employs tubular loop reactors filled with liquid propylene, which is continuously fed the catalyst and hydrogen for molecular... 

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