ISO, common names

A number of recent herbicide entries include bencarbazone [185], pyrasulfotole [186], and pyrimisulfan [187], Bencarbazone, whose ISO common name was approved in 2005, has all the features associated with Protox herbicides, particularly that of the Protox herbicide sulfentrazone. Pyrasulfotole is a newly developed herbicide from Bayer CropScience for use on cereals. Pyrimisulfan, a difluoromethylsulfonamide-containing, herbicide, is a new ALS herbicide for the control of perennial weeds. 

To date, three compounds from this group of chloride channel activators (aba-mectin, emamectin benzoate, and milbemectin) have been commercialized in crop protection. In addition, a development compound has become known as lepimectin (provisionally approved ISO common name). In this introduction, the origin, synonyms and physicochemical properties of the marketed compounds [1] are summarized (see Tables 29.6.1 and 29.6.2). Further aspects will be discussed in detail in the following sections, such as their mode of action, discovery, chemistry, insecticidal activity, agronomic use, and safety. Several recent reviews cover... 

Milbemectin is the name for a mixture of milbemycins A3 and A4, also referred to as milbemycin A3/A4. It was launched as an acaricide under the trade name Milbeknock by Sankyo in 1990. So far, it is the only milbemycin on the market for crop protection use. However, a second compound is expected to be launched by Sankyo, which became known as lepimectin (provisionally approved ISO common name) in 2004. Lepimectin is a semisynthetic derivative of milbemectin, thus containing an A3 and an A4 component, the latter being the major one. 

CAS Registry Number common name [71-41-0] -amyl alcohol [6032-29-7] j -amyl alcohol [584-02-1] [137-32-6] [123-51-3] iso amyl alcohol [75-85-4] / fZ-amyl alcohol [598-75-4] [75-84-3] neopentyl alcohol... 

The common names of these simple alkyl groups are so well entrenched in the chemical literature that IUPAC rules make allowance for them. Thus, the following compound is properly named either 4-(l-methvlethyl)heptane or 4-iso-propylheptane. There is no choice but to memorize these common names fortunately, there are only a few of them. 

The common names isopropyl, iso butyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl are approved by the IUPAC for the unsubstituted groups. 

The simple branched alkyl groups are usually known by common names. The isopropyl and isobutyl groups have a characteristic iso (CH3)2CH grouping, just as in isobutane. 

In common names, the positions of substituents are named using Greek letters. Notice that the lettering begins with the carbon atom next to the carboxyl carbon, the a carbon. With common names, the prefix iso- is sometimes used for acids ending in the —CH(CH3)2 grouping. 

The published list of common names and chemical names of pesticides contained in Annex 1 of Specifications for pesticides used in public health insecticides, molluscicides, repellerts, methods 11) should be reformatted to make the presentation clearer. After the common name, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) and Chemical Abstract (CA) names should be printed with the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and the CIPAC number. 

The common names approved by the British Standards Institution (BSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have been used throughout for convenience and brevity. The preferred names of the International Union of Pure... 

Although the process is commonly named deodorization, it is actually a combination of three different effects on the oil (1) stripping Stripping of volatile components (free fatty acids, odorous compounds, tocopherols, sterols, and contaminants such as pesticides and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.), (2) actual deodorization Removal of different off-flavors, and (3) temperature effect Thermal destruction of pigments and unwanted side reactions such as cis-trans-iso-merization, polymerization, conjugation, and so on. 

Cypermethrin is the common name accepted by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for R,S-a-Cyano-3-phenoxy benzyl (IR,S)-cis, rar2..s -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,... 

Fenvalerate is the accepted common name by the ISO for (RS) -a-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl) 3-methyl butyrate. 

B. Common names selected by the International Standards Organization (ISO)... 

The International Organization for Standardizahon (ISO) has laid down principles for selecting common names for pesticides and other agrochemicals. These principles are comparable to the guiding principles for selechng INNs and have a similar purpose to provide short, distinctive, and easily pronounced names for substances whose full chemical names are too complex for convenient use. The names chosen should not be permitted to become privately owned hademarks. ISO names are also given for salts and complex esters, as well as mixtures of isomers. The work of the INN and ISO committees somehmes overlaps, especially in the held of veterinary medicine. The two committees collaborate to avoid different names used for the same compound. 

ISO Standard Pesticides and Other Agrochemicals. Principles for the Selection of Common Names (ISO/DIS 257, 1988). International Organization for Standardization Geneva, 1988. 

In addition to the common name MCPB (13), approved by the ISO and WSSA, the common name 2,4-MCPB is used in France, and 2M-4Kh in the USSR. 

Consider the disposable diaper. The outer, waterproof layer is composed of polyethylene. The polymeri2ation reaction that produces polyethylene is shown in Section 12.4. The diapers have elastic to prevent leaking. The elastic is made of a natural polymer, rubber. The monomer from which natural rubber is formed is 2-methyl-l,3-butadiene. The common name of this monomer is isoprene. As we will see in coming chapters, iso-prene is an important monomer in the synthesis of many natural polymers. 

In order to obtain the enol as the product of the addition reaction, only one equivalent of BH3 can be allowed to add to the alkyne. In other words, the reaction must stop at the alkene stage. In the case of internal alkynes, the substituents on the boron-substituted alkene prevent the second addition from occurring. However, there is less steric hindrance in a terminal alkyne, so it is harder to stop the addition reaction at the alkene stage. A special reagent called disiamylborane has been developed for use with terminal alkynes ( siamyl stands for secondary iso amyl amyl is a common name for a five-carbon fragment). The bulky alkyl groups of disiamylborane prevent a second addition to the boron-substituted alkene. So borane can be used to hydrate internal alkynes, but disiamylborane is preferred for the hydration of terminal alkynes. 

ASTM standard [ISO standard] (common name) Environment Exposure time Evaluation Phase or region attacked... 

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