Greek letters used

Using Greek letters Using combinations of letters... 

Prefixes may be added to the unit as a matter of practice and, in many cases, they are standardized conventions of particular fields. For instance, the unit MW is common to the power industry. The unit nm is used in crystallography for the physicochemical characterization of solids—pore diameter is an example. All prefixes are multiples of ten and are summarized in Table 1.4. The symbol is capitalized for multiple factors greater than 10. The symbols for 10 and 10 " are the same as for 10 and 10 ", the only difference being the former are capitalized and the fraction factors are in lower case. The only Greek letter used as a symbol is for lO" "—micro—and the only two-letter symbol is da (which is rarely used in practice, especially combined with meters). 

The Greek letter used to indicate the standard deviation of a population, defined as the square root of the variance, e.g., for the normal (Gaussian) distribution ... 

In general, you can define text that includes non-ASCII characters like symbols and Greek letters using the text function, assigning the character sequence to the String property of text objects. You can also include these character sequences in the string arguments of the title, xlabel, ylabel, and zlabel functions. 

Recall the Greek letters used as symbols for frequency (v) and wavelength (A). 

Ihe one-electron orbitals are commonly called basis functions and often correspond to he atomic orbitals. We will label the basis functions with the Greek letters n, v, A and a. n the case of Equation (2.144) there are K basis functions and we should therefore xpect to derive a total of K molecular orbitals (although not all of these will necessarily 3e occupied by electrons). The smallest number of basis functions for a molecular system vill be that which can just accommodate all the electrons in the molecule. More sophisti- ated calculations use more basis functions than a minimal set. At the Hartree-Fock limit he energy of the system can be reduced no further by the addition of any more basis unctions however, it may be possible to lower the energy below the Hartree-Fock limit ay using a functional form of the wavefunction that is more extensive than the single Slater determinant. 

It IS convenient to use the Greek letters a p 7 and so forth to locate the carbons m a molecule m relation to the carbonyl group The carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the a carbon atom the next one down the chain is the p carbon and so on Butanal for example has an a carbon a p carbon and a y carbon... 

Section 18 1 Greek letters are commonly used to identify various carbons m aldehydes and ketones Using the carbonyl group as a reference the adjacent car bon IS designated a the next one p and so on as one moves down the chain Attached groups take the same Greek letter as the carbon to which they are connected... 

So basic is the notion of a statistical estimate of a physical parameter that statisticians use Greek letters for the parameters and Latin letters for the estimates. For many purposes, one uses the variance, which for the sample is s and for the entire populations is cr. The variance s of a finite sample is an unbiased estimate of cr, whereas the standard deviation 5- is not an unbiased estimate of cr. 

Upper-case Greek letters are used for states, lower-case letters are used for orbitals. 

Shorthand notations have been developed to avoid repetitive systematic names of unsaturated fatty acids. Eor example, linolenic or (7j -9,i7j -12-,i7j -15-octadecatrienoic acid can be represented by 18 3(9, 12, 15 ). The Greek letter A has been used to indicate presence and position of double bonds, eg a fatty acid, but it should never be used in a systematic name. An equally inappropriate but popular designation is derived by counting... 

Fig. 2.7. Many metals are made up of /wo phases. This figure shows some of the shapes that they con hove when boundary energies dominate. To keep things simple we hove sectioned the tetrokoidecohedral grains in the way that we did in Fig. 2.6(b). Note that Greek letters ore often used to indicate phases. We hove called the major phase a and the second phase (. But y is the symbol for the energy (or tension) of groin boundaries (y J and interphose interfaces (y ).

Greek letters are used to label the phases on phase diagrams. 

The term resistance refers to the property of any object or substance to resist or oppose the flow of an electrical current. The unit of resistance is the ohm. The abbreviation for electric resistance is R and the symbol for ohms is the Greek letter omega, Q. For certain electrical calculations the reciprocal of resistance is used, 1/R, which is termed conductance, G. The unit of conductance is the mho, or ohm spelled backward, and the symbol is an inverted omega. 

Electrical power systems are normally three-phase systems connected using wye or delta connections. In wye connections the three phases are connected to form a letter Y with a neutral point at the intersection of the three phases. In delta connections the three phases are connected to form a Greek letter delta (A). Delta systems do not have a neutral hence delta systems are 3-wire systems. A Y connection has a neutral and thus it is a 4-wire system. 

The terms polypeptide and protein are used interchangeably in discussing single polypeptide chains. The term protein broadly defines molecules composed of one or more polypeptide chains. Proteins having only one polypeptide chain are monomeric proteins. Proteins composed of more than one polypeptide chain are multimeric proteins. Multimeric proteins may contain only one kind of polypeptide, in which case they are homomultimeric, or they may be composed of several different kinds of polypeptide chains, in which instance they are heteromultimeric. Greek letters and subscripts are used to denote the polypeptide composition of multimeric proteins. Thus, an ag type protein is a dimer of identical polypeptide subunits, or a homodimer. Hemoglobin (Table 5.1) consists of four polypeptides of two different kinds it is an hetero-multimer. 

The numbering used in 6 was introduced also in conjunction with the carboline nomenclature (harmine = 7-methoxy-l-methyl-jS-carbo-line). This is the system which, at the present time, appears to be most widely adopted. The same numbering has been used without the Greek letter conventions (harmine = 7-methoxy-l-methyl-2-carbo-line). 

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