Barley roots

Shone, M.G.T. Flood, A.V. (1983). Effects of periods of localised water stress on subsequent nutrient uptake by barley roots and their adaptation by osmotic adjustment. New Phytologist, 94, 561-72. 

Pitman, M.G. Saddler, H.D. W. (1967). Active sodium and potassium transport in cells of barley roots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 57, 44-9. 

Hurkman, W.J. Tanaka, C.K. (1987). The effects of salt on the pattern of protein synthesis in barley roots. Plant Physiology, 83, 517-24. 

K. Soderberg and E. Baath, Bacterial activity along a young barley root measured by the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 1259 (1998). 

H. Marschner, V. Romheld, and M. Kissel, Localization of phytosiderophore re-lea.se and iron uptake along intact barley roots. Physiol. Plant. 71 51 (1987). 

J. Guern, J. P. Renaudin, S. C. Brown, The compartmentation of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants. Vol. 4 (F, Constabel and 1. K. Vasil, eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, 1987, p. 43. A. L. Samuels, M. Fernando, and A. D. M. Glass, Immunofluorescent localization of plasma membrane H -ATPase in barley roots and effects of K nutrition. Plant Physiol. 99 1509 (1992). 

T. Sakaguchi, N. K. Nishizawa, H. Nakanishi, E. Yoshimura, and S. Mori, The role of potassium in the secretion of mugineic acids family phytosiderophores from iron-delicient barley roots. Plant Soil 275 221 (1999). 

K. Higuchi, K. Kanazawa, N. Nishizawa, M. Chino, and S. Mori, Purification and characterization of nicotianamine synthase from Fe-deficient barley roots. Plant Soil 765 173 (1994). 

D. T. Clark.son. M. G. T. Shone, and A. V. Wood, The effect of pre-treatment temperature on the exudation of xylem sap by detached barley root systems, Planta I213 (1974). 

B. Analysis of Fe Stress Effects on Microbial Community Structure on Barley Roots... 

Table 3 Microorganisms Identified by Sequence Analysis of Prominent I6S rDNA Bands Isolated from Barley Roots...

S. Mihashi, S. Mori, and N. Nishizawa, Enhancement of ferric-mugineic acid uptake by iron defieient barley roots in the presence of excess free mugineic acid in the medium. Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (Y. Chen and Y. Hadar, eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1991, pp. 167-173. 

Alteration of Electrical Potential (PD). Study of the Influence of allelochemicals on the electrical potentials across plant cell membranes has been restricted to phenolic acids. Glass and Dunlop (42) reported that at pH 7.2, 500 yM salicylic acid depolarized the electrical potential in epidermal cells of barley roots. The electrical potential changed from -150 mV to -10 mV within 12 min. Recovery of the PD was very slow over about 100 min when the salicylic acid was removed. As the concentration of the allelochemical was increased, the extent of depolarization increased, but the time required for depolarization and recovery were constant. 

Alteration of Membrane Permeability. The ability of allelochemicals to alter membrane permeability and thus inhibit mineral absorption has been investigated in detail with only phenolic acids. Salicylic acid induced the efflux of PO5 (28) and 1C" (42) from barley roots, but -hydroxybenzoic acid did not cause the efflux of K+... 

Maier, W., B. Schneider et al. (1998). Biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid cyclohexenone derivatives in mycorrhizal barley roots proceeds via the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway. Tetrahedron Lett. 39(7) 521-524. 

SUZUKI, K., ITAI, R., SUZUKI, K., NAKANISHI, H., NISHIZAWA, N.K., YOSHIMURA, E., MORI, S., Formate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of anaerobic metabolism, is induced by iron deficiency in barley roots, Plant Physiol., 1998, 116, 725-732. 

Epstein, E. and Hagen, C. E. (1952). A kinetic study of the absorption of alkali cations by barley roots, Plant Physiol., 27, 457-474. 

The first step in the concentrations of cations in plant roots is the transfer of the cations across the plasmalemma of the epidermal cells, and although the subsequent transfer of ions to the xylem is fairly clear (99), it is this transport across the cell membranes of the epidermis where the uncertainty occurs. Studies of the uptake of 46Sc3+ into barley roots have demonstrated that there is no significant uptake beyond the epidermis and first rank of cortical roots of the seminal roots (100). Presumably other polyvalent cations will be immobilised at the same place. 

McFarlane C, Nolt C, Wickliff C, et al. 1987a. The uptake distribution and metabolism of four organic chemicals by soybean plants and barley roots. Environ Toxicol Chem 6 847-856. 

McFarlane C, Wickliff C. 1985. Excised barley root uptake of several carbon-14-labeled organic compounds. Environ Monit Assess 5 385-392. 

Ibble I. Response of Barley Root Elongation to Treatment with... 

Strausbaugh, C. A., Overturf, K., and Koehn, A. C. (2005). Pathogenicity and real-time PCR detection of Fusarium spp. in wheat and barley roots. Can. J. Plant Pathol, in, 430-438. 

Zimlyanukhin, L. A. Dynamics of aco-nitic acid formation in com and barley roots. Fiziol I Fiz-Khim Mekhanizmy Regulyatsii Obmen Protsessov Organizma 1974 1974(3) 18. 

Using the PETIS, real-time [ CJmethionine translocation was studied for barley. For the mechanism of Fe uptake in an Fe-delicient barley, it was found that leaf methionine does not participate in the reaction of mugineic acid synthesis, but the methionine produced in barley roots is used in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid phytosiderophores [131,132]. 

Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Gigaspora rosea leads to the accumulation of similar cyclohexenone derivatives (Vierheilig et al., 2000). However, no fungus-specific induction of these compounds are known. Pathogens and endophyte did not induce the formation of cyclohexenone derivatives in barley roots (Maier et al., 1997). The role of cyclohexenone derivatives in disease resistance is unknown. 

Thakali S, Allen HE, Di Toro DM, Ponizovsky AA, Rooney CP, Zhao F-J, McGrath SP. 2006b. A terrestrial biotic ligand model. 1. Development and application to Cu and Ni toxicities to barley root elongation in soils. Environ Sci Technol 40 7085-7093. 

EPS was used to show that Pt on precipitates on the surfaces of roots of Eichhornia crassipes grown in nutrient with added (NH4)2[PtCl6] was Pt(IV) and had not been reduced by the roots (Parsons and Farago, 1987). The technique was used to study Al on the surfaces or barley roots, in Al-sensitive and tolerant plants grown in the presence of Al. Al-tolerant roots contained 21 °7o Al as the phosphate, whereas the sensitive roots contained only 1.3% Al (Millard et al., 1990). The method which is useful... 

Fig. 10-2. ESR spectra of intact barley roots treated with vanadium as either (a) V02+ or (b) VO3 (reproduced from Morrell et /., 1986).

Hurkman, W. and Tanaka, C. 1988. Polypeptide changes induced by salt stress, water deficit, and osmotic stress in barley roots A comparison using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 9, 781-787... 

Several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenethylamines in plants have been studied. A tyrosine carboxy-lyase (decarboxylase) isolated from barley seedlings and barley roots has been studied in considerable detail (347-349). The enzyme is rather specific for L-tyrosine and meta-tyrosine ort/io-tyrosine and L-dopa are decarboxylated slowly. Tyrosine carboxylase activity was also demonstrated in wheat and maize (348). Cytisus scoparius contains dopa car-boxy-lyase which decarboxylates d- and L-dopa at about the same rate (350). Tyrosine is decarboxylated 15 times slower. A similar enzyme has been found in the alga Monostroma juscum (174). 

Lerat, S., Lapointe, L., Piche, Y. Vierheilig, H. (2003). Variable carbon-sink strength of different Glomus mosseae strains colonizing barley roots. Canadian Journal of Botany, 81, 886-9. 

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