Iridium naming

Iridium [Named from the Latin, iris, rainbow, in allusion to the colored salts derived from its compounds] (IGSD 64992 and PDF 6-598) (Ir,Os,Ru) (Native elements) Gubic a = 383.92 pm Al,cF4(Z=4) Fm3m Gopper type Isotropic Rs68% 6-7 22,600- 22,800 Color white. Diaphaneity opaque. Luster metallic. Cleavage none. Streak white. 

L. iris, rainbow) Tennant discovered iridium in 1803 in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia. The name iridium is appropriate because its salts are highly colored. 

Some have left behind them traces of elements rare on Earth, such as iridium. The detection of traces of iridium from a large meteorite has led to a proposal that major extinction of species on Earth, namely the dinosaurs, could be due to the meteorite impact, causing chemical, light and temperature fluctuations, i.e. global climate changes, though this proposal is not universally accepted. 

Of the three catalytic systems so far recognized as being capable of giving fast reaction rates for methanol carbonylation—namely, iodide-promoted cobalt, rhodium, and iridium—two are operated commercially on a large scale. The cobalt and rhodium processes manifest some marked differences in the reaction area (4) (see Table I). The lower reactivity of the cobalt system requires high reaction temperatures. Very high partial pressures of carbon monoxide are then required in the cobalt system to... 

A further complication is evident in the spectroscopic studies of the reacting iridium solutions, namely, a competing catalytic water gas shift reaction involving hydrido-iridium(III) species. Choice of reaction conditions determines the proportion of the iridium occupied in this catalytic cycle. 

Iridium-platinum alloys, 79 602 Iripallidal degradation products, 24 577 Irish moss, common and scientific names, 3 188t... 

A mechanism for the catalytic process is shown in Scheme 15, which comprises three sets of iridium complexes, namely Ir(I) species, Ir(III)-methyls... 

Iridium (Ir, [Xe + 4/14]5r/9), name from the Latin word iris (rainbow iridium compounds are highly coloured). Discovered (1803) by the English chemist Smithson Tennant. 

Iridium - the atomic number is 77 and the chemical symbol is Ir. The name derives from the Latin Iris, the greek goddess of rainbows because of the variety of colors in the element s salt solutions . Iridium and osmium were both discovered in a crude platinum ore in 1803 by the English chemist Smithson Tennant. Iridium was discovered independently by the French chemist H. V. Collet-Descotils also in 1803. Descotils actually published one month before Tennant but Tennent is given credit for the discovery, perhaps because he alone also found osmium in the ore. 

Osmium - the atomic number is 76 and the chemical symbol is Os. The name derives from the Greek osme for smell because of the sharp odor of the volatile oxide. Both osmium and iridium were discovered simultaneously in a crude platinum ore by the English chemist Smithson Tennant in 1803. 

ORIGIN OF NAME The name Iridium comes from the Latin word iris, meaning "rainbow," because of the element s highly colored salts. 

Iridium and its parmer osmium were discovered in 1803 by the Enghsh chemist Smithson Tennant (1761-1815). In essence, he employed the same technique to separate these elements from platinum ores that is used today to pmify iridium. He dissolved the minerals with aqua regia, which left a black residue that looked much like graphite. After analyzing this shiny black residue, he identified two new elements—Ir and Os. Tennant was responsible for naming iridium after the Latin word iris because of the element s rainbow of colors. 

In 1803 William Hyde Wollaston, a British physician who became famous for his research in metallurgy, mineralogy, and optics, succeeded in extracting a white metal from platinum. He named the new element palladium, after the asteroid Pallas, which had just been discovered the previous year. In the same year the English chemist Smithson Tennant obtained two new metals, which he named iridium and osmium, from platinum. And in 1828 the Russian chemist Karl Karlovich Klaus reported that he had obtained three new metals from platinum mined in the Urals. However, the existence of only one of them, which Klaus called ruthenium, was confirmed. 

Iridium metal was detected in the black residue of aqua regia extract of platinum and identified as an element by British chemist Smithson Tennant in 1803. Around the same time, existence of this new metal was proposed by Vauquehn and deFourcroy in France in the course of their extraction of platinum by aqua regia. Tennant named this element Iridium after the Greek word, Iris, meaning rainbow. 

The powder was fused with NaOH, then treated with acid, and distilled. The acrid-smelling condensate contained a compound of a metal which was called osmium, and the residue contained a compound of a second metal which was called iridium. Os was named after the Greek word osme which means stench, and Ir was named after Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow. 

In the meantime Tennant continued his researches, and the results which he communicated to the Royal Academy in the spring of 1804 showed that the powder contains two new metals, which may be separated by the alternate action of acid and alkali. One of these he named iridium because its salts are of varied colors, and the other he called osmium because of its odor (20). 

Tennant gave the name iridium to the metal which Descotils and Vauquelin had observed, and the name osmium to the new one (20). In speaking of iridium, osmium, palladium, and rhodium, W. T. Braude stated in his lectures in 1817, Of these, the two former were discovered by the late Mr. Tennant and the two latter by Dr. Wollaston and bad we searched throughout chemistry for an illustrative instance of the delicacy of the modem art of analysis, it would be difficult to have found any one more notorious than the history of the discovery and separation of these bodies exhibits (46). During the entire course of the researches which led to ibe discovery of these four metals, Dr. Wollaston and Tennant had friendly intercourse with each other, and each kept in close touch with... 

In 1828 Berzelius and G. W. Osann (25), professor of chemistiy at the University of Dorpat, examined the residues left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural mountains in aqua regia. Berzelius did not find in them any unusual metals except palladium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium, which had already been found by Wollaston and Tennant in similar residues from American platinum. Professor Osann, on the other hand, thought that he had found three new metals, which he named pluranium, ruthenium, and polinium (25, 36). In 1844, however, Professor Klaus, another Russian chemist showed that Osann s ruthenium oxide was very impure, but that it did contain a small amount of a new metal (26,33). 

In the course of investigating the production of platinum from its ores, Wollaston and Tennant found four new elements in 1803. Tennant isolated osmium and iridium Wollaston found rhodium and palladium. As was the contemporary habit, Wollaston named the latter after a newly discovered celestial body. Uranium gained its name this way after William Herschel s discovery of the planet Uranus, and palladium honoured the asteroid Pallas, found in 1802. 

The student may well feel that the need to name inorganic compounds is a relic of the past, when stoichiometric formulae were often uncertain, and that a formula will convey a more concise specification of a substance. This attitude is not without merit, especially where we are dealing with rather complex substances whose systematic names are hopelessly clumsy and lengthy. For example, the important substance rendered as IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2 on the printed page has the systematic name trans-chlorocarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I). Although hundreds of papers have been published on the reactions of this compound and tens of thousands of students have heard of it, the systematic name is rarely used. In speech, and often in print, it is given the trivial name Vaska s compound . In any research laboratory, you may hear talk of Judy s compound , or Ralph s anion . 

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