Ipecac

Emetine (and synthetic dehydroemetine) are employed primarily in developing countries from the treatment of amoebic dysentery. Ipecac root products (primarily ipecac syrup), which contain mainly emetine and cephaeline are widely used as emetics in cases of poisoning. 

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Standards for dmg chemicals are pubUshed ia USP—NE. Dmg substances are chemicals that have therapeutic or diagnostic uses, whereas pharmaceutical iagredients provide preservative action, fiavoiing, or hilfillment of a function ia the formulation of dosage-form dmgs. Examples of dmg substances are acetaminophen [103-90-2] ampicillin [69-53-4] aspirin [50-78-2] powdered ipecac, riboflavin [83-88-5] staimous fluoride [7783-47-3] and thyroid. Examples of pharmaceutical iagredients are ethylparaben [120-47-8] lactose [63-42-3] magnesium stearate [557-04-0] sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] starch [9005-25-8] and vanillin [121-33-5],... 

Miscellaneous Natural Products. The longhst of natural products used in early cough preparations has diminished to the point where only a few are still mentioned. Four natural products stiU used occasionally outside the United States ate squill, hotehound, cociEana, and ipecac. 

Ipecac is prepared from the dried roots and rhizomes of Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich, and contains the alkaloids emetine [483-18-1] (17) and cephaeJine [483-17-0] (18) in a ratio between 2 1 and 4 1. It has been used extensively in cough preparations and is beheved to act by gastric reflex stimulation. Toxic effects include vomiting, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, and cardiac arrhythmias (19). Ipecac symp is available over-the-counter in the United States only in 30-mL containers for use as an emetic in treating poisonings. 

CociEana, the dried bark of Guana rusbji (Britt.) Rushy, was probably first used by the natives of the BoUvian Andes as an emetic—cathartic. It is often prescribed as an alternative to ipecac in the treatment of cough, and the emetic side effects at high doses suggest a mechanism of action similar to that of ipecac. 

Brechungs-ebene, /. (Optica) plane of refraction. -exponent, m. refractive index, -ge-setz, n. law of refraction. -Index, m. refractive index, -k effizient, m. coefficient of refraction. -kraft, /. refractive power, -messer, m. refractometer. -verhaltnis, n. refractive index, -vermfigen, n. refractive power, -winkel, m, angle of refraction, Brech-walzwerk, n. crushing rolls (or rollers), crushing mill. >weln, m. (Pharm.) wine of antimony, antimonial wine, -weiustein, m. tartar emetic, -werk, n. crusher, -wurzel, -wurz,/. ipecacuanha, ipecac. 

The most widely used emetic is syrup of ipecac, containing the alkaloids, emetine and cq haeline. Emetine induces vomiting by activation of sensory neurons in the vagus and sympathetic nerves to the stomach and centrally in the medulla, possibly at the CTZ. The release of serotonin and SP may be involved as 5-HT3 and NKi receptor antagonists prevent emesis induced... 

The emetic (a drug that induces vomiting) ipecac causes vomiting because of its local irritating effect on the stomach and by stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla... 

There are no apparent adverse reactions to ipecac. Although not an adverse reaction, a danger associated with any emetic is the aspiration of vomitus. 

Ipecac is available without a prescription for use in the home. The instructions for use and the recommended dose are printed on the label. 

Ms. Jerkins has four children and wants to keep syrup of ipecac available in case of accidental poisoning. Discuss the information you fed that Ms. Jerkins should know before die administers this drug. 

Prescribed is 15 mL of 1.5% ipecac syrup. Available is 30 mL ipecac 1.5% syrup. The nurse administers... 

Ingestion Induce vomiting by having victim touch the back of his throat with finger or by giving victim symp of ipecac as directed do not induce vomiting if victim is unconscious seek medical attention immediately. 

Treatment — As with other toxin therapies, treatment is limited mainly to supportive management. Mechanical respiration support may be required in severe cases. An antitoxin has shown success in animal models, but no human data are available to date. No vaccine has been developed. Induction of vomiting may prove to be useful as part of the treatment program. Ipecac syrup is a good emetic that could be used to induce vomiting.3... 

No vaccine has been developed Induction of vomiting may prove to useful Ipecac syrup can induce vomiting... 

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