Intraocular pressure measurement

Doughty MJ, Zaman ML. Human corneal thickness and its impact on intraocular pressure measures a review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2000 44 367-408. 

KidaT, Liu JH,Weinreb RN. Effect of 24-hour corneal biomechanical changes on intraocular pressure measurement. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 47 4422-4426. 

Percicoi, C. L., Schnell, C. R Dekon, C., and Hariton, C. (1996). Continuous intraocular pressure measurement by telemetry in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced glaucoma model in the rabbit Effects of timolol, dorzolamide. and epinephrine. J. Ocular Pharmacol. 8, 349-358. 

Paschalis El, Cade F, Melki S, Pasquale LR, Dohbnan CH, CioUno JB (2014). Reliable intraocular pressure measurement using automated radio-wave telemetry. Clin Ophthalmol 8 177-185. 

When a -adrenergic blocking ophthalmic preparation, such as timolol, is administered to patients with glaucoma, it is important to insist that they have periodic follow-up examinations by an ophthalmologist. At these examinations, the intraocular pressure should be measured to determine the effectiveness of drug therapy. 

Anticholinergic activity Do not use in patients with urinary retention, glaucoma, or myasthenia gravis unless adequate overriding measures are taken. Males with benign prostatic hypertrophy are at particular risk of having urinary retention. In patients with a family history of glaucoma, measure intraocular pressure before... 

The drug is slowly cleared from vitreous with a half-life of approximately 55 hours in humans and is subsequently cleared from the retina. Measurable concentrations of drug are not detected in the systemic circulation following intravitreal administration. Immediate therapy of CMV retinitis with fomivirsen was more effective in delaying progression than deferred treatment in a recent clinical trial. Concurrent systemic anti-CMV therapy is recommended to protect against extraocular and contralateral retinal CMV disease. Potential side effects include iritis and vitreitis as well as increased intraocular pressure and changes in vision. An interval of at least 2-4 weeks is recommended between cidofovir administration and use of fomivirsen because of the risk of ocular inflammation. 

Measurement of amino acid levels in the vitreous humor of rats after chronic intraocular pressure elevation or optic nerve transection. Glaucoma 11, 396—405. 

The effect of selected experimental agents on intraocular pressure was measured using an applanation pneumatonometry. In this testing phase, dogs and monkeys were administered 25 p.1 of a selected experimental agent dissolved in a vehicle to the ocular surface, while the contralateral eye received the vehicle alone as a control. Dog and monkey intraocular pressure studies are provided in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. 

Prednisone, 10 mg/day for 1 year, has been evaluated in 136 patients with probable Alzheimer s disease in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (196). There were no differences in the primary measures of efficacy (cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale), but those treated with prednisone had significantly greater memory impairment (Clinical Dementia sum of boxes), and agitation and hostility/suspicion (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale). Other adverse effects in those who took prednisone were reduced bone density and a small rise in intraocular pressure. 

Figure 10-6 Twenty-four-hour patterns of intraocular pressure (lOP) in habitual body positions. Open circles represent no treatment, solid triangles the timolol treatment, and solid squares the latanoprost treatment. Measurements were taken in the sitting position (diurnal period) and in the supine position (nocturnal period) from the same 18 subjects. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. (Adapted from Liu JH, Kripke DF.Weinreb RN.Am J Ophthalmol 2004 138 389-395.)...

The measurement of intraocular pressure (lOP) is essential in the initial assessment and ongoing management of uveitis. In the early stages of uveitis the lOP is typically low, due to secretory hypotony within the ciliary body. Over time, however, the lOP may normalize or rise to abnormal levels due to numerous mechanisms, including trabecular blockage by inflammatory debris and synechia formation. Elevated lOP usually indicates a more chronic condition. 

Investigation of those overexposed to screening smokes should include, at least, chest radiograph, pulmonary function tests, arterial oxygen tension measurement, blood clinical chemistry, sputum culture, ophthalmic examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and possibly measurement of intraocular pressure. If available, CT scan may be used to assess the severity of lung injury (Hsu et al., 2005). With some smokes, notably white phosphorus, there may be skin contamination with severe irritation and penetrating bums the management of white phosphoms skin burns is discussed in detail in Section VI.A.2. 

The effects of solutions of CN in PEG 300 on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in vivo in the rabbit using a concentration range of 0.0625 to 1.0% CN. Measurements were taken using an... 

Miller (1989) led comparative studies on intraocular pressure after injection and retention of Healon and Viscoat into monkey eyes (Fig. 57). Seven monkeys were injected (through a paracentesis) with Healon into one eye and Vis-coat into the other. Two monkeys served as controls, receiving physiological saline solution. Intraocular pressure was measured pneumatonometrically at 30 minute intervals. Maximal values were noted between 4 and 6 hours later, with intraocular pressure normalizing after 24 hours. 

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