Interviews questionnaires

Compared with questionnaires, interviews avoided the need for respondents to commit significant time to providing answers in written form. Questionnaires were also not deemed appropriate because specific responses may require clearance from administrative hierarchies within organisations. Within the context of this PhD research project, compared with interviews, questionnaires would create particular uncertainty in terms of interviewee response rate and time. 

Operators Unstructured interview Questionnaires Task analyses Videos Comments on ergonomics, productivity task analyses job descriptions... 

A knowledge base of domain facts, rules, and heuristics associated with the process. These can be obtained from the knowledge of the plant functions, engineering principles, statistical information, and fftm observing the skilled human operators. The latter can be achieved by means of interviews, questionnaires, and online recording of human-initiated control actions. 

The interview questionnaire consisted of three sections. Parts A and C were open discussion questions, while Part B had structured questions that required the architect to provide an opinion based on a scaled range of options. 

On the other hand, an OTS audit results in an overall classification for each PS, based upon interviews, questionnaire surveys as well as document reviews. These overall classifications or scores, may be used as basis for definition of indicators. The challenge in this case may be that a full OTS audit is quite labour intensive, such that there is probably some years between every full audit. 

Various human factors methods can be used to inform the TNA process. These include task analysis (e.g., HTA), cognitive task analysis (e.g., CDM), Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) (Vicente, 1999), interviews, questionnaires, and observational studies. A summary of HTA, cognitive task analysis, and cognitive work analysis... 

Some of the candidate tollers practices, records and documents can not be assessed using only a questionnaire form. A site visit to one or more of the short-listed candidate tollers is usually indicated. This is especially helpful if an unfamiliar toller is competing against a toller that is currently being used. Candidate tollers can use the information in this section to prepare for a site interview when one is requested. 

The extent to which documents are reviewed will depend upon the results of the initial questionnaire responses, the interviews, and facility walk-around. In general, documents should be reviewed to verify good practice compliance, and a sampling will usually suffice. 

Seek the opinions of customers about your organization s products and services provided through questionnaires or interview checklists. 

The sources from which information is to be gathered and the forms, questionnaires, and interview checklists to be used... 

The survey method relies heavily on interviews to gather data and typically involves little or no on-site verification or observation. Results can be obtained in a timely and cost-effective mannen however they may reflect the bias of the individual filling out a self-administered questionnaire. 

Regardless of which assessment method you choose, assessors and auditors should take detailed notes using a common format to help capture maximum information in a consistent manner. Forms for questionnaires, topical outlines, and audit protocols (as shown in the exhibits) can perform double duty by providing interviewers with a format for notes as well as reporting. 

A series of interviews and questionnaires was given to a sample from each group to address the following issues ... 

A range of other data collection techniques are used in conjunction with process simulation such as interviews, the verbal protocols described earlier, walk-throughs and questionnaires. An appropriate analysis of the task is necessary in order to determine the nature of the simulation to be used. An... 

Interviews and/or questionnaires that can be administered to your target group as well as to their team leader/ manager. 

The project group designed a questionnaire with 286 questions, structured to cover each substep of all the types of major steps encountered in the supply chains. If an enterprise covered more than one major step, this meant that more than one interview was carried out, with more than one person or more interviews with the same person. For each enterprise, the interviewees typically answered 150-200 questions about 1-3 major steps. The questions were designed by experts to describe the principles and intentions of the... 

Several types of software were developed. One programme contains the questionnaire and allows each interviewer to upload all the answers from each interview to an internal common password-protected database accessible via the internet. Another programme displays an overview of each substep of each major step in each supply chain on a webpage, and by clicking on a... 

After all the answers from the interviews had been uploaded, an expert analysed each supply chain for each of the seven defined criteria for quality and safety microbial toxins and abiotic contaminants potential pathogens natural plant toxicants freshness and taste nutrient content and food additives fraud social and ethical aspects. For example, an expert on freshness and taste would check each major step in a supply chain for tomatoes to determine if it fulfilled the definition of a CCP (HACCP, Principle 2) in relation to freshness and taste for this commodity. If the step was considered to be a CCP, the answers in the questionnaire that related to relevant substeps at this step would be reviewed, to assess the control procedures that were in use for this CCP. The expert would then fill in the text field, structuring the input to consist of the following points ... 

Gathering audit data can be accomplished through observations, documents, and interviews. The data obtained is used to verify and validate that the process safety management systems are implemented and functioning as designed. Data gathering can be aided oy the use of audit samples, where a representative number of items are audited to draw a conclusion, and by using self-evaluation questionnaires. 

In June of 2005, DHEC mailed a follow-up questionnaire to 280 people who were interviewed. Of the 94 respondents 23 percent had been hospitalized, 83 percent still were experiencing symptoms they felt related to the chlorine spill, 52 percent were taking medication for problems they felt were related to chlorine exposure, 51 percent were under a doctor s care for problems they felt were related to chlorine exposure, and 48 percent screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder. 

Yet another technique has been to interview children or adults (such as teachers, Sch fer Smith, 1996) directly, either using questionnaires (Smith et al., 1992), or interviews (Boulton, 1992a). Clearly, people s answers may not be accurate in terms of what we observe, but this method should inform us about what they think and perceive. This has it s own intrinsic interest, and also interest in terms of discrepancies between beliefs and behaviour. In the case of older children, especially adolescents, we may get uniquely useful insights, while bearing in mind the possible distortions due to selective perception and memory, limited insight to motivation, and social desirability in responses, that bear on verbal report data (Boulton, 1992a). 

A market research firm administered by telephone, to each customer in the sample, a questionnaire. Interviewers introduced themselves as calling to solicit participation in a study of processed metal vendors. 

In addition to the visual monitoring of subjects during testing, clinical assessment can be accomplished by having the project physician interview each subject concerning symptoms, with a standard questionnaire immediately after exposure. Also, subjects can keep a record, on a standard form, of symptoms experienced during and after exposure. It is well to note here that caution should be exercised in interpreting symptoms, because these are unlikely to be blind studies. 

Most companies will purchase a range of datasets from a variety of commercial companies who specialise in collecting and collating such data. The sources of information are wide and varied and includes panels of GPs and specialists who record what they are prescribing and for what indication, to information from wholesalers and pharmacists. Companies will also sponsor individual market research studies with questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with individual panels of doctors or focus groups. 

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