Selective perception

Yet another technique has been to interview children or adults (such as teachers, Sch fer Smith, 1996) directly, either using questionnaires (Smith et al., 1992), or interviews (Boulton, 1992a). Clearly, people s answers may not be accurate in terms of what we observe, but this method should inform us about what they think and perceive. This has it s own intrinsic interest, and also interest in terms of discrepancies between beliefs and behaviour. In the case of older children, especially adolescents, we may get uniquely useful insights, while bearing in mind the possible distortions due to selective perception and memory, limited insight to motivation, and social desirability in responses, that bear on verbal report data (Boulton, 1992a). 

Being in a particular identity state also functions as limiting stabilization. The identity leads to selective perception to make perceptions congruent with the reigning identity state. Certain kinds of perceptions that might activate other identity states are repressed. The tortured child is perceived as an "enemy agent," not as a "child." This keeps emotional and attention/awareness energy out of empathic processes that, if activated, would undermine and disrupt the "soldier" identity. 

Decisions to stop a project are the most difficult decisions. Although perseverance and full support by everybody are essential for the success of any project, there is a point where "the plug must be pulled". A feeling of personal failure if the project fails, selective perception and reporting of information, major setbacks being considered as temporary problems and the hope to recoup at least part of the investment are strong forces which hinder a reasonable decision at the right time. Staw and Ross (1991) have discussed the personal interests of people involved in such situations in more detail. 

Being in a particular identity state also functions as limiting stabilization. The identity leads to selective perception to make perceptions congruent with the reigning identity state. Certain kinds of... 

The second reason why good communication can be so challenging is selective perception that is, what we see is determined by what we look for. We tend to see what we have seen before, what we... 

There is also a term called "selective perception" that is commonly used to refer to our biased sensations. Because all perceptions result from our intentional or unintentional distortion of sensations, adding the adjective "selective" to perception is unnecessary and actually redundant. We experience our surroundings through the natural selection of our sensations. This process is simply referred to as perception. 

Ask yourself what forms the basis of your assessment. Do you have valid and applicable data, or are you acting on recency, selective perception, or status quo bias Are you confusing facts and values ... 

The present chapter, therefore, will present certain topics based on a selection of references, mainly in view of providing a perception of the current developments and great potential of chitin today. The reader is referred to books and reviews [1-17] where basic information and specific subjects are treated in a more systematic way. These polysaccharides are described not only in encyclopaedias, handbooks, monographs and articles, but also in the American Standard Testing Materials standard guides and in the Pharmacopoeias of various coimtries [10,16,17]. 

According to a study conducted by Allen et al. (2000), mentors (both male and female) are biased towards selecting mentees based on their perceptions of the mentee s potential/ability rather than perceptions of his or her need for help. This means that the extent of a mentee s need for help is not as important a determinant in mentee selection as is his or her perceived potential to grow and develop. 

Patients seen for flashbacks are treated with oral diazepam (15—30 mg/day for adults) if symptoms of anxiety are severe (Rumack 1987). Neuroleptics, especially haloperidol, have been implicated in a transient increase in visual flashbacks and are not recommended (Moskowitz 1971 Strassman 1984). Risperidone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may also worsen symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (Halpern and Pope 2003). The patient needs assurance of the self-limiting nature of the phenomenon and its decreasing frequency of reoccurrence with time. The patient should be reminded that any future use of hallucinogens or marijuana may precipitate similar symptoms (Strassman 1984). 

It has been proposed " that the mechanism(s) of action of gymnemic acids and ziziphins is a biphasic, model-membrane penetration-process. The model suggested that the modifier molecules interact first with the receptor-cell plasma-membrane surface. It was postulated that this initial interaction involves a selective effect on taste perception, including the transduction and quality specification of the sweet stimuli, and selective depression of sweetness perception. Following the initial interaction, the modifier molecules interact with the membrane-lipid interior to produce a general disruption of membrane function and a nonselective effect on taste... 

With regard to choice and consumption of food, all human sensory perceptions are involved. Among them, vision is the most important one for selecting food and appreciating its quality. Color is an intrinsic property of food. A color change of food often is caused by a quality change. Consumers are attracted by the color of a food product. This imphes three main consequences for food producers ... 

Select azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole) and the echinocandins are available for IA treatment. For initial therapy of IA, voriconazole had higher response and survival rates than c-AMB.102 An advantage of voriconazole is its 96% oral bioavailability, making use of this oral drug an attractive and less expensive alternative. The dose of voriconazole was 6 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for two doses, followed by 4 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for at least 7 days, at which time oral voriconazole 200 mg every 12 hours could be administered. Common toxicities reported with voriconazole include infusion-related, transient visual disturbances (i.e., blurred vision, altered color perception, photophobia, and visual hallucinations), skin reactions (i.e., rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity), elevations in hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, nausea, and headache.102 In addition, voriconazole increases the serum concentrations of medications cleared by cytochrome P-450 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 (e.g., cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors) concomitant voriconazole-sirolimus should be avoided.103... 

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