Intervention, defined

During each media fill, all major and minor interventions defined will be performed once. The time and the personnel performing the intervention will be documented per approved manufacturing direction. 

If there are situations where ordinary procedures may be suspended for specific purposes, these need to be carefully defined and controlled by the proactive development of "rules" which explicitly state the boxmdary conditions for such interventions. 

The amount of process plant that can be defined accurately as automatic is relatively small, and manual intervention is often involved at some stage. The relevant design criteria are therefore often IM/12 or IM/18. In practice, fully automatic burner controllers tested and certified by British Gas are available that comply with the requirements of BS 5885. Although these have features which may not be applicable to non-automatic plant, it may be more appropriate to use such a controller, particularly as its safety is well proven. It may also be less expensive than buying and installing separate timers, relays, etc. For some processes (for example, those that do not need and cannot tolerate a long purge) such controllers may not be appropriate. 

As a result of such studies hypertension has been operationally defined as the blood pressure level above which therapeutic intervention has clinical benefit. As increasingly aggressive intervention has continued to demonstrate benefits, this level has gradually reduced over time and is commonly defined as systolic blood pressure>l40 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg (Table 1). Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg. 

Expected outcomes define the expected behavior of the patient or family that indicates that the problem is being resolved or that progress toward resolution is occurring. Expected outcomes serve as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. For example, if the nursing intervention is to monitor the blood pressure every hour, the expected outcome is that the patient experiences no further elevation in blood pressure ... 

Such models can be used to perform in silico experiments, for example by monitoring the response of a system or its components to a defined intervention. Model output - predictions of biological behaviour - is then validated against in vitro or in vivo data from the real world. 

In the near future new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease are expected to be licensed, and it would be extremely valuable to be able to compare them in a clear and well-defined framework. In addition, if economic evaluation is to inform health and social care providers and policy-makers about the potential impact of new interventions in practice, estimation of the value for money of these new interventions requires consideration of (a) the perceived and objective risks and benefits of care (b) attitudes of people with... 

Specific predictive factors for outcome after surgical intervention have not been well defined in the literature. In one prospective, multicenter observational study of 95 patients, the state of consciousness was the only predictive factor retained in a logistic regression analysis." In this study, there was a 2.8-fold increased risk for poor outcome for each increase on a three-step scale (awake/drowsy, somnolent/ stuporous, and comatose), and good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score <2) were achieved in 86%, 76%, and 47% of patients within each group, respectively. 

Obviously, it is extremely unlikely that noradrenergic transmission is the sole factor to determine the behavioural response to even simple environmental stimuli. Indeed, a bell-shaped dose-response curve immediately suggests the intervention of one or more additional factors (neurotransmitters ). Such interactions with other neurotransmitters could well define the relationship between noradrenergic transmission and the coding of the coping response. 

Ventricular tachycardia is a series of three or more consecutive VPDs at a rate of greater than 100 bpm. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as non-sustained if it lasts less than 30 seconds and terminates spontaneously sustained VT lasts greater than 30 seconds and does not terminate spontaneously, but rather requires therapeutic intervention for termination. 

Severe disease is defined as the presence of complications of colitis, such as sepsis, volume depletion, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, paralytic ileus, and toxic megacolon. Patients with signs of severe disease should receive oral vancomycin as initial therapy. Surgical intervention may be indicated and lifesaving, particularly in cases complicated by toxic megacolon or colonic perforation. 

Concomitant or prior medications may be used in either safety or efficacy analyses. The presence of specific medications may be used as covariates for inferential analyses. Also, medications are often summarized to show that the therapies under study come from medically comparable populations. Medications may be used to determine protocol compliance and to help define a protocol-compliant study population. Concomitant medications may be examined to determine whether they interact with study therapy or whether they can explain the presence of certain adverse events. From a CDISC perspective, prior medications would be considered a finding while concomitant medications would be considered an intervention. 

Time is a critical measure for clinical trial analysis. Time is captured in clinical trial databases in a study day variable. Study day can be defined as the number of days from therapeutic intervention to any given time point or event. By defining study day, you create a common metric for measuring time across a population of patients in a clinical trial. There can be a study day calculation for any time point of interest. Adverse event start, study termination, and clinical endpoint event date all make good choices for study day calculations. The study day calculation is performed with one of the two following approaches. 

Most QI programs build upon an established quality assurance (QA) process. Quality assurance can be defined as a formal and systematic process in which problems in delivering health care are identified, solutions to the problems are developed and implemented, and follow-up monitoring then is carried out [30]. QA begins with problem identification. After possible sources of the problem are determined, solutions are developed and implemented. Then, the results of the intervention or solution are evaluated to determine whether or not the problem has been resolved. By incorporating a goal of continual improvement, a QA process can contribute to quality improvement activities. 

The work by Cabiedes, Arcos and Alvarez de Toledo61 makes a novel contribution, evaluating the incremental cost of a broader pharmaceutical care service than the mere distribution of dmgs in pharmacies. The authors define this broader service as pharmaceutical intervention , understanding this as the activity that is oriented towards preventing, detecting and if necessary solving problems related to pharmaceuticals. 

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