Objective risk

We follow a rule-based method when we analyze risk objects and components and their attributes.These plug-and-play rules can be different for different subjects, research areas, and industries. They can be designed and standardized for different industry sectors, enabling an analytical approach, systematic standardization, and accurate and predictable results. 

Realists make a clear distinction between objective and perceived risks. Objective risks are defined as a function of probability and... 

The use of COCs in patients with Wilson s disease remains controversial. There are reports suggesting that COCs will increase plasma caeruloplasmin, leading to increased absorption of copper, and this could exacerbate the disease [21]. No data are available to evaluate this risk objectively. Patients should therefore use POCs [2],... 

Logically, risk is always connected to an object or area of concern. Within RISKBASE this risk object is defined as the goods and services provided by the biophysical soil-sediment-water system (ecological system), with a specific focus on the resilience of the system. Furthermore, RISKBASE focuses on the goods and services that are directly (or immediately indirectly) affected by rivers, lakes and groundwater. 

Abstract. In the past, many remedies implemented at contaminated sites have failed to achieve site remedial action objectives either because not all of the objectives were defined prior to selecting the remedy, or a remedy was selected that was not capable of achieving the site objectives. In order to ensure the selection of effective remedies, this report outline a process for i) the identification of risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives and ii) the evaluation of potential technologies to identify an acceptable remedy that will achieve all of the site remedial action objectives. By providing for the separation of risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives, the remedy selection process allows the user to both i) identify a range of remedies that are capable of protecting human health and ecological resources and ii) understand the additional constraints imposed by the non-risk objectives. 

Non-risk Remedial Action Objectives - A set of objectives based on non-risk considerations for current and future site management. These objectives may include resource protection standards or nuisance and odour control standards with numeric remedial action levels. In addition, non-risk objectives may include performance standards not based on contaminant concentrations such as remediation timeframe,... 

Non-risk remedial action objectives are used to identify remedial actions that will satisfy the current and future non-risk requirements for the site. While risk-based remedial action objectives ensure long-term protection of human health and the environment, non-risk objectives address all other site remedial action requirements and constraints. The non-risk remedial action objectives should cover all non-risk site constraints that will define an... 

In risk-based remedial action screening, potential remedial actions are screened to first identify protective remedial actions which can achieve all of the risk-based remedial action objectives and then to identify acceptable remedial actions that can also achieve all non-risk objectives. The separate evaluation of potential remedial actions using risk-based objectives and then non-risk objectives allows for a clear understanding of the full range of options available to protect human health and ecological resources, and how those options are constrained by non-risk considerations such as property use, liability control, or non-risk regulatory requirements. In addition, the non-risk objectives for a site may be balanced against cost or other considerations in a way that is unacceptable for risk objectives based on health protection. 

United Kingdom Drigg (surface) In the safety analysis a risk objective of 10 y is adopted... 

As it can be seen, both the risk objectives and the risk analyses on existing plants are reassuring, but, it is frequently asked, how reliable these analyses are How much the inevitable uncertainties on data and methods can influence the results Is it possible that some accident sequence has been forgotten in performing a probabilistic analysis All the available information, including the analyses made before the Three Mile Island accident and the sequence of events in the accident itself, indicate that a corrective... 

Quantitative risk objectives in USA consider indi-vidiral and societal risk ... 

NEA (1984) Max. Individual risk objective lO /a (all sources) No consensus on ALARA optimization. 

U. KINGDOM NRPB (1992) Max.individual risk objective lO Va (all disposal facilities) Optimization should be relaxed if die max. Individual risk is less than lO /a. 

Risk is the potential for realization of unwanted, negative consequences from an event. Provided sufficient information is available it is possible to quantify the risk. Technically competent people such as chemists, doctors and engineers are trained to measure risks objectively. However, no accurate prediction can be made for the future. More relevant is the principle that the techiucally competent, while having the knowledge to... 

However, profit, facility disruption risk, and transportation disruption risk objectives are not achieved, differing by 4.98%, 14.36%, and 22.9% from the target values, respectively. Notice that this solution has lower facility and transportation disruption risk values than the P-GP solution. However, the profit value is decreased. 

---