Internet numerical data

In the descriptive domain, the material offered by the numerous data banks, by researching the internet, and that available arising from the obligations on suppliers to provide freely complete safety publications for the user (but which are sometimes open to criticism, as in this book) makes it, it seems to me, superfluous to offer yet another similar contribution of that kind. 

The development of the Internet and the resulting capability for widespread storage and retrieval of textual and numerical data have made it quite easy to gain access to... 

Landolt-Bornstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology — Landolt-Bornstein covers a very broad range of data in physics, chemistry, crystallography, materials science, biophysics, astronomy, and geophysics. Hard-copy volumes in the New Series (started in 1961) are stUl being published, and the entire New Series is now accessible on the Internet [www.landolt-boernstein.com]. 

In addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, the Internet Version 2009 presents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, and combined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved by searching on name, formula, or CAS Registry Number, and such a search can be combined with a request for a desired property. Thus one can request a specific property of a specific substance (for example, viscosity of benzene) and receive a customized table with exactly that information. Inverse searches can also be done, in which one asks for all substances that have a set of properties falling within specified ranges. 

In addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, this Internet Version 2016 presents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, and combined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved by searching on name. 

The huge number of websites on the Internet (about 2,5 billion web pages December, 2002) containing chemical information is a great challenge when one is attempting to find specific information on a topic. Therefore numerous search engines have been developed and offered that provide fast access to the data. 

Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library [44] includes The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, a collection of regularly updated, systematic reviews of the effects of health care. It is maintained by contributors to the Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane reviews are reviews mainly of randomized controlled trials. To minimize bias, evidence is included or excluded on the basis of explicit quality criteria. Data are often combined statistically, with meta-analysis, to increase the power of the findings of numerous studies, each too small to produce reliable results individually. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness is also included. It consists of critical assessments and structured abstracts of good systematic reviews published elsewhere. The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register with bibliographic information on controlled trials and other sources of information on the science of reviewing research and evidence-based health care are part of the Cochrane Library. It is commercially available on CD-ROM or the Internet. 

When the project was started in 2002, European exposure factor data were scattered within numerous national and international institutions. ExpoFacts has created no new data, but instead compiled the existing data into one Internet database, where it can be easily found, screened, and downloaded from. Data were collected from the EU countries, candidate countries to EU, and EFTA countries. As a result, the ExpoFacts database contains data from 30 European countries. In addition to the population time use patterns and exposure route information, e.g., dietary statistics, the database contains socio-demographic and physiologic information to enable database use as a tool for population-wide exposure modeling and risk assessment. 

In following the original plan, many figures, structures, discussions of the methods, and illustrations of the data have been incorporated. Some tables have been reorganized. In some cases tables have been printed twice although they contain the same data, they are arranged by different criteria. The intent is to make the data easier for the researcher to access and use. Some Internet addresses that can serve as a supplementary resource are included. Despite the numerous additions, the volume remains compact and accessible. 

Solvent extraction Database (SXD) software has been developed by A. Varnek et al.51 Each record of SXD corresponds to one extraction equilibrium and contains 90 fields to store bibliographic information, system descriptions, chemical structures of extractants, and thermodynamic and kinetic data in textual, numerical, and graphical forms. A search can be performed by any field including 2D structure. SXD tools allow the user to compare plots from different records and to select a subset of data according to user-defined constraints (identical metal, content of aqueous or organic phases, etc.). This database, containing about 3,500 records, is available on the INTERNET (http //infochim.u-strasbg.fr/sxd). 

Starting from the very foundations of mass spectrometry, this book presents all the important techniques developed up to today. It describes many analytical methods based on these techniques and emphasizes their usefulness by numerous examples. The reader will also find the necessary information for the interpretation of data. A series of graduated exercises allows the reader to check his or her understanding of the subject. Numerous references are given for those who wish to go deeper into some subjects. Important Internet addresses are also provided. We hope that this new edition will prove useful to students, teachers and researchers. 

An extensive product review of recent NIR technology was published by Noble. Enormous progress has been achieved in chemometrics and computing power, making many new applications possible. There are dozens of manufacturers of NIR spectrophotometers in the United States. There are many vendors of sampling components and software packages for data analysis. Research data of the most recent instrumentation and software are available directly on the World Wide Web, as most manufacturers maintain a Web site. There are numerous Internet sites that provide links to professional spectroscopy societies, publishers of spectroscopy journals, and patents related to pharmaceutical uses of NIR. 

Numerous formal in-house reports and memoranda authored by RJRT R D personnel are cited herein. Many have been published totally or in part in peer-reviewed journals and/or presented totally or in part at scientific conferences (Tobacco Chemists Research Conferences, American Chemical Society Symposia on Tobacco and Smoke, CORESTA Conferences, etc.). Whether published, presented, or neither, copies of all RJRT reports cited are stored in various repositories such as the one in Minnesota. Their contents are available on the Internet address indicated. Experimental procedures used, data collected, and interpretations summarized here are described in detail in the reports cited. 

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