Internet developments

We are still some wa3rs from being able to deliver this type of capability, although the expanding amount of information on zeolite chemistry available over the Web, when placed in the context of the pace of Internet development, indicates that this type of "on-tap" access to simulation and information technology is not too stant. 

Bollo, D., M. Stumm. 1998. Possible Changes in Logistic Chain Relationships Due to Internet Developments. ITOR 5(6), 427-445. 

Keyes, J. The Ultimate Internet Developers Sourcebook, Chapter 42, Developing Web Applications with... 

Fig. 6.1 Change in Internet Development Index (IDI), a measure of the relative infrastructure quality, 2002-2007. (Data source International Telecommunication Union, 2009). [IDI is not limited to physical infrastructure but also incorporates data linked to levels of education that impact technology usage.]...

Internet technologies can be divided into the main categories of hardware and software. These technologies capture also the essence of physical and immaterial (or virtual). Some scholars have also pointed out that software itself is only a carrier for content. Thus, software should be separated from content because, for example, the word processor is empty and the author creates the content. There are really two distinct segments in a legal sense (Benkler, 2000). Similarly, another type of classification was used by Loo (2007) in the analysis of Internet service provision and Internet development. She refers to information production (content creation) and the uses of the information (content consumption). 

Loo, B. P. Y. (2007). Strategies of internet development in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Urban Technology, 74(1), 3-22. 

Creation of Archie (archiver for ftp sites) by Peter Deutsch, McGill U., the first effort to index the internet Development of a new protocol for information distribution (Tim Berners-Lee, CERN) > 100,000 hosts... 

The JME Editor is a Java program which allows one to draw, edit, and display molecules and reactions directly within a web page and may also be used as an application in a stand-alone mode. The editor was originally developed for use in an in-house web-based chemoinformatics system but because of many requests it was released to the public. The JME currently is probably the most popular molecule entry system written in Java. Internet sites that use the JME applet include several structure databases, property prediction services, various chemoinformatics tools (such as for generation of 3D structures or molecular orbital visualization), and interactive sites focused on chemistry education [209]. 

Many biochemical databases with sophisticated topics have been developed for solving various problems. Since 1996 the first issue of each journal volume of Nucleic Acid Research has been reserved for the presentation of molecular biology databases [28]. A comprehensive catalog on the Internet is DBCAT, currently listing 511 databases [29, 30). 

The huge number of websites on the Internet (about 2,5 billion web pages December, 2002) containing chemical information is a great challenge when one is attempting to find specific information on a topic. Therefore numerous search engines have been developed and offered that provide fast access to the data. 

To develop the skills of in-house personnel, as mueh repair work as possible should utilize plant personnel. Eneouraging the partieipation of the maehinist in the solution of diffieult problems often results in the maehinist seeking information on his own. Referenees to API and ASME speeifieations should not be uneommon on the shop floor. Today s maehinist and meehanie must be eomputer literate. Internet training must be provided with some basie training on word proeessing and spreadsheet programs. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

The Japanese regulatory authority is the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) and the Pharmaceutical and Medical Safety Bureau (PSMB) is responsible for the promulgation of national and international guidelines in the form of Notifications. Guidelines are available on the Internet web-site of the National Institute of Health and Science (http //www.nihs.go.jp). The MHW has not issued specific guidance on the development of chiral drugs, but has nonetheless responded to the enantiomer-versus-racemate scientific debate. The attitude of the MHW and its advisory body, the Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council (CPAC) is discussed in two articles by Shindo and Caldwell published in 1991 and 1995 [17, 18]. The latter paper analyzes the results of a survey of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry which sought responses on chirality issues. 

MCBase offers the possibility to load the original CAMPUS data of different suppliers from version 3.0 and higher into one database, which allows direct comparison. It has been developed in close cooperation with the CAMPUS consortium. For more information see http //www.m-base.de/. MCBase is user friendly and offers extremely efficient handling of material data. All CAMPUS options are available define search profiles define and sort tables print tables and data sheets curve overlay scatter plots. In addition MCBase 4.1 offers search in curves search for comparable grades text search update via Internet calculation of simulation parameters. A French version of MCBase is available from the distribution agent in France. 

The Japanese Plastic Waste Management Institute is developing a process to convert PVC and other plastic waste materials to fuel oil through pyrolysis. In Eiuope, a free market for plastics waste is now being established by the European Plastics Converters over the internet. The company says it will be possible to establish market prices for recyclates at European level on a supply and demand basis. The European market for recycled plastics is currently worth around 1.18bn US dollars and is predicted to reach 2.53bn US dollars by the endof2001. WORLD... 

It is worth noting that the past few years have witnessed tremendous development of web-based information resources. Notably, the PubMed search tool [4] has made the investigation of any life sciences topic much easier. It offers keyword and author (as well as structure and sequence) searches and covers a wide range of medicinal chemistry-related journals. This resource, coupled with e-journals, affords the medicinal chemist the tools to keep up with any research topics of interest. Because of the public nature of the Web, now a chemist can sometimes find critical journal articles on the Web that do not show up until much later in traditional literature sources. It is not uncommon that scientific meeting presentations can be found on the Web. Indeed, the Internet tools we have all become familiar with also have made the professional life of the medicinal chemist much easier. 

With the increased acceptance of the Internet and the huge innovations in web development tools, web-based data collection and management systems have become the choice of many CROs because of their capability for collecting clinical trial data in real time and disseminating critical clinical trial information to the participating sites and various oversight committees [27]. 

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