Interior paneling elements

Keywords Automotive interiors. Biodegradable plastics, Condoms, Designing structural components. Door handles. Fiber composites. Interior paneling elements. Joint endoprostheses. Kneading clay. Mats for office chairs (carpet protection). Packaging material. Parts in cars. Polycarbonate glasses, Pressboard, Rubber plates. Tires, Toys made of soft PVC, Utilization phase... 

Interior Paneling Elements in Intercity Express (ICE) Trains. 379... 

Table 7 Opportunities and risks of SMC interior paneling elements in ICE trains compared with sheetmetal paneling...

Table 7 shows the opportunities and risks of interior paneling elements made of unsaturated polyester in the SMC process, compared in terms of quality to paneling made of sheetmetal and painted. 

SMC elements can be installed at no risk. The opportunities of excellent product properties over the entire life of the ICE interior paneling, and in all the other applications, outweigh the risks by far. 

Another step in putting the concept into practice could be made in a development project with the Johnson Controls Interiors company (subsidised by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry of Lower Saxony). The goal of this project was to create a door panelling element with a material made of 100% renewable resources since the goal was an environmentally-friendly means of disposal. In addition to the priority of economic efficiency, the established manufacturing technique was to be used in order to meet the required component specifications. A biopolymer which by then had been developed made it possible for the natural fibre composite material to meet the requirements determined in the specifications sheet. 

Rust formed on MS and WS panels was exposed in humid SO2 for 9 m and were analysed by SEM and EDX on the exposed surface and cross section of the panels (Figs. 3.62 and 3.63 and Table 3.30). Rust/steel interface of WS was found to be continuous and uniform than MS. The latter showed abmpt crystalline layo- at the interface. In upper layer on WS mst, Mn and in inner layo- Cr, Cu, Ni WCTe found. The alloying elements are wined away from the surface. However, these were intact at the interior layer and made mst more compact and impervious to corroding electrolyte to penetrate further. No traces of Cu, Cr, etc. were recorded in the upper layer of this rust... 

The methods discussed earlier are applied to the seat-occupant-restraint system of an aircraft. A description of a computer-aided analysis environment, including a multibody model of the occupant and a nonlinear finite element model of the seat, is provided, which can be used to re-construct variety of crash scenarios. These detailed models are useful in studies of the potential human injuries in a crash environment, injuries to the head, the upper spinal column, and the lumbar area, and also structural behavior of the seat. The problem of reducing head injuries to an occupant in case of a head contact with the surroundings (bulkhead, interior walls, or instrument panels), is then considered. The head impact scenario is re-constructed using a nonlinear visco-elastic type contact force model. A measure of the optimal values for the bulkhead compliance and displacement requirements is obtained in order to keep the possibility of a head injury as little as possible. This information could in turn be used in the selection of suitable materials for the bulkhead, instrument panels, or interior walls of an aircraft. The developed analysis tool also allows aircraft designers/engineers to simulate a variety of crash events in order to obtain information on mechanisms of crash protection, designs of seats and safety features, and biodynamic responses of the occupants as related to possible injuries. 

As an application of the theory discussed earlier, the crash responses of aircraft occupant/stnicture will be presented. To improve aircraft crash safety, conditions critical to occupants survival during a crash must be known. In view of the importance of this problem, studies of post-crash dynamic behavior of victims are necessary in order to reduce severe injuries. In this study, crash dynamics program SOM-LA/TA (Seat Occupant Model - Light Aircraft / Transport Aircraft) was used (13,14]. Modifications were performed in the program for reconstruction of an occupant s head impact with the interior walls or bulkhead. A viscoelastic-type contact force model of exponential form was used to represent the compliance characteristics of the bulkhead. Correlated studies of analytical simulations with impact sled test results were accomplished. A parametric study of the coefficients in the contact force model was then performed in order to obtain the correlations between the coefficients and the Head Injury Criteria. A measure of optimal values for the bulkhead compliance and displacement requirements was thus achieved in order to keep the possibility of a head injury as little as possible. This information could in turn be usm in the selection of suitable materials for the bulkhead, instrument panel, or interior walls of an aircraft. Before introducing the contact force model representing the occupant head impacting the interior walls, descriptions of impact sled test facilities, multibody dynamics and finite element models of the occupant/seat/restraint system, duplication of experiments, and measure of head injury are provided. 

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