Interfering RNA

Screening. See High-throughput screening Second messenger systems calcium ion, 83 description of, 24 production of, 25f Series hyperbolae, 38 Serotonin, 150, 151 f Seven transmembrane receptors, 3-4 Shennong Herbal, 147 Short interfering RNA duplex molecules, 184... 

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are the mediators of gene-specific silencing by RNA interference. SiRNA stands for small interfering RNA duplexes. They are typically 21-23 bp in length. SiRNA were either chemically synthesised for experimental purposes or produced by Dicer-mediated cleavage of long double-stranded RNA. 

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Lee NS, Dohjima T, Bauer G, Li H, Li MJ, Ehsani A, Salvaterra P, Rossi J (2002) Expression of small interfering RNAs targeted against HIV-1 rev transcripts in human cells, Nat Biotechnol 20 500-505... 

Morrissey DV, Blanchard K, Shaw L, Jensen K, Lockridge JA, Dickinson B, McSwiggen JA, Vargeese C, Bowman K, Shaffer CS, Pohsky BA, Zinnen S (2005a) Activity of stabilized short interfering RNA in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus replication. Hepatology 41 1349-1356... 

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Wang Z, Ren L, Zhao X, Hung T, Meng A, Wang J, Chen YG (2004) Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering RNAs in mammalian ceUs, J Virol 78 7523-7527... 

Zhou N, Fang J, Mukhtar M, Acheampong E, Pomerantz RJ (2004) Inhibition of HIV-1 fusion with small interfering RNAs targeting the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4. Gene Ther 11 1703-1712... 

Antisense RNAs, RNA decoys, ribozymes, small interfering RNAs, and RNA ap-tamers are potential tools in antiviral gene therapy. The application of the antiviral RNAs is described in detail in Chap. 9 of this volnme by J. Haasnoot and B. Berkhont. 

Recently, the related phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) has attracted much attention [5]. RNAi occurs when a short (generally 21 nucleotides in length) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) catalyticaUy represses the translation of a fully complementary mRNA sequence. The process appears to proceed via a complex formed between the antisense RNA strand and a protein with RNase activity [6]. Upon binding to the target mRNA sequence, the ribonucleoprotein complex initiates cleavage of the mRNA transcript thus preventing translation of intact protein. After dissociation from the truncated mRNAs, the ribonucleoprotein complex is free to act on other intact mRNAs. Such small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have... 

Chen Y, Stamatoyannopoulos G, Song C-Z. Down-regulation of CXCR4 by inducible small interfering RNA inhibits breast cancer cell invasion in vitro. Cancer Res 2003 63 4801 1804. 

Raymond, C. K., Roberts, B. S., Garrett-Engele, P., Lim, L. P., and Johnson, J. M. (2005). Simple, quantitative primer-extension PCR assay for direct monitoring of microRNAs and short-interfering RNAs. RNA 11, 1737-1744. 

Meyer M, Wagner E (2006) Recent developments in the application of plasmid DNA-based vectors and small interfering RNA therapeutics for cancer. Hum Gene Ther 17 1062-1076... 

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