Near infrared optics

Laser Photochemistry. Photochemical appHcations of lasers generally employ tunable lasers which can be tuned to a specific absorption resonance of an atom or molecule (see Photochemical technology). Examples include the tunable dye laser in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared portions of the spectmm the titanium-doped sapphire, Tfsapphire, laser in the visible and near infrared optical parametric oscillators in the visible and infrared and Line-tunable carbon dioxide lasers, which can be tuned with a wavelength-selective element to any of a large number of closely spaced lines in the infrared near 10 ]lni. 

Boronic acid-containing polyaniline has also been utilized in diabetes-related research. One such polymer (23) (Fig. 17) has been observed to exhibit a linear near-infrared optical response to saccharides.43 The polymer was prepared by the copolymerization of aniline with 3-aminophenylboronic acid using lOmM (NH4)S208 in 1M HC1. The films were observed to undergo changes in the absorption spectra on addition of saccharides at pH 7.2. 

M. A. Franceschini and D. A. Boas. Noninvasive measurement of neuronal activity with near-infrared optical imaging. Neuroimage, 21 372-386, 2004. 

Y. Hoshi. Functional near-infrared optical imaging Utility and limitations in human brain mapping. Psychophysiology, 40 511-520, 2003. 

R. Kennan, D. Kim, A. Maki, H. Koizumi, and R. T. Constable. Non-invasive assessment of language lateralization by transcranial near infrared optical topography and functional mri. Human Brain Mapping, 16 183-189, 2002. 

G. Taga, K. Asakawa, A. Maki, Y. Konishi, and H. Koizumi. Brain imaging in awake infants by near-infrared optical topography. PNAS, 100(19) 10722-10727, 2003. 

Barone PW, Baik S, Heller DA, Strano MS. Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nature Materials 2005, 4, 86-92. 

Maier JS, Walker S A, Fantini S,FranceschiniMA, GrattonE. Possible correlation between blood glucose concentration and the reduced scattering coefficient of tissues in the near-infrared. Optics Letters 1994, 19, 2062-2064. 

Tseng SH, Grant A, Durkin AJ. In vivo determination of skin near-infrared optical properties using diffuse optical spectroscopy. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2008, 13, 014016. 

The area of molecular nonlinear optics has been rejuvenated by efforts to investigate three-dimensional multipolar systems, functionalized polymers as optoelectronic materials, near infrared optical parametric oscillators and related aspects.71 There have been some advances in chromophore design for second-order nonlinear optical materials 72 these include onedimensional CT molecules, octopolar compounds and organometallics. Some of the polydiacetylenes and poly(/>-phenylenevinylene)s appear to possess the required properties for use as third-order nonlinear optical materials for photonic switching.73... 

J. S. Maier et al., Possible Correlation Between Blood Glucose Concentration and the Reduced Scattering Coefficient of Tissues in the Near-Infrared, Optics Lett., 19(24), 2026 (1994). 

Pringsheim, E. Terpetschnig, E. Piletsky, S. A. Wolfbeis, O. S. A polyaniline with near-infrared optical response to saccharides. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 865-868... 

Bulk Optical Absorption of Phthalocyanine Particles. The visible and near infrared optical absorption of the phthalocyanine pigments was measured on a Cary 17 spectrophotometer using the technique described in Reference 8. A thin film of phthalocyanine dispersed in the polymer was coated onto 3 mil Mylar substrate using wirewound rods. The dry films were index matched by overcoating with a thick film of polyvinyl alcohol. The differential absorption between two films with different thicknesses were recorded to minimize reflection and light scattering losses. The solution absorption spectra of some pigments were also measured in a-chloronapthalene. 

Norman, T. J.,Grant,C. D.,etal. Near Infrared Optical Absorption of Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,106(28), 7005-7012 (2002). 

Barto, R.R., Jr., P.V. Bedworth, C.W. Frank, S. Ermer, and R.E. Taylor. 2005. Near-infrared optical-absorption behavior in high-beta nonlinear optical chromophore-polymer guest-host materials. II. Dye spacer length effects in an amorphous polycarbonate copolymer host. J Chem Phys 122 234907 1-14. 

Du Y, An S, Liu L, Li L, Zhou XJ, Mason RP, and C Mohan (2012). Serial non-invasive monitoring of renal disease following immune-mediated injury using near-infrared optical imaging. PLoS ONE 1(9) e43941. 

Near-infrared Optical density Photomultiplier tube Ultraviolet... 

U. Mahmood, C. H. Tung, A. Bogdanov, and R. Weissleder, Near Infrared Optical Imaging of Protease Activity for Tumor Detection, Radiology, 213,833 (1999). 

Baleizao C, Nagl S, SchaferUng M, Berberan-Santos MN, Wolfbeis OS (2008) Dual fluorescence sensor for trace oxygen and temperature with unmatched range and sensitivity. Anal Chem 80 6449-6457 Barone PW, Baik S, HeUer DA, Strano MS (2005) Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Mater 4(l) 86-92... 

Jiang H, Markowski J, Sabarinathan J. Near-infrared optical response of thin film pH-sensitive hydrogel coated on a gold nanocrescent array. Opt Express 2009 17 21802. 

Wolfbeis has prepared a polyaniline with a near-infrared optical response to saccharides. The film was synthesized by copolymerization of aniline and 3-amino-phenyl boronic acid. Addition of saccharides at pH 7.3 led to changes in absorption at 675 nm [167]. 

M. F. Laporte, R. Martel, P. Paquin. The near-infrared optic probe for monitoring rennet coagulation in cow s milk. Int Dairy J 8 659-666, 1998. 

Effects of molecular structures on the near-infrared optical properties of poly-imide derivatives and their corresponding optical waveguides. Macromolecules, 36 (9), 3315-3319. 

J. Qu and B.C. Wilson, Monte Carlo Modeling Studies of the Effect of Physiological Factras and other Analytes on the Determination of Glucose Concentration Ln Vivo by Near Infrared Optical Absorption and Scattering Measurements, J. Biomed. Opt., voL 2, no. 3,1997, pp. 319—325. 

Mahmood, U. and R. Weissleder 2003. Near-infrared optical imaging of proteases in cancer. Mol Cancer Ilzer 2(5) 489-496. 

Kukrer found that on addition of saccharide the diboronic acid squaraine 92 produced a fluorescence response with an emission maxima at 645 nm and a shoulder at 695 nm. This emission occurs at the blue end of the near-infrared optical window (600-1300 nm) for human skin. ... 

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