Instability element

Tierney, M.J. and Medcalf, R.L. (2001) Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 2 Contains mRNA Instability Elements within Exon 4 of the Coding Region. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 13675-13684. 

The 3 UTR is defined as the mRNA sequences following the termination codon. The 3 UTR is thought to play a potential role in mRNA stability. AU-rich motifs are commonly found in the 3 UTR of mRNA of cytokines, growth factors and oncogenes. These motifs are mRNA instability elements and should be... 

Chesney, J. Mitchell, R. Benigni, F. Bacher, M. Spiegel, L. Al-Abed, Y. Han, J.H. Metz, C. Bucala, R. An inducible gene product for 6-phospho-fructo-2-kinase with an AU-rich instability element role in tumor cell glycolysis and the Warburg effect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 3047-3052 (1999)... 

The ti eatment of the Jahn-Teller effect for more complicated cases is similar. The general conclusion is that the appearance of a linear term in the off-diagonal matrix elements H+- and H-+ leads always to an instability at the most symmetric configuration due to the fact that integrals of the type do not vanish there when the product < / > / has the same species as a nontotally symmetiic vibration (see Appendix E). If T is the species of the degenerate electronic wave functions, the species of will be that of T, ... 

Further details of the BB, sometimes referred to as Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezi (LBB) condition and its importance in the numerical solution of incompressible flow equations can be found in textbooks dealing with the theoretical aspects of the finite element method (e.g. see Reddy, 1986), In practice, the instability (or checker-boarding) of pressure in the U-V-P method can be avoided using a variety of strategies. 

The Type N thermocouple (Table 11.60) is similar to Type K but it has been designed to minimize some of the instabilities in the conventional Chromel-Alumel combination. Changes in the alloy content have improved the order/disorder h ansformations occurring at 500°C and a higher silicon content of the positive element improves the oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. 

At one time it was felt that it would be possible to produce silicon analogues of the multiplicity of carbon compounds which form the basis of organic chemistry. Because of the valency difference and the electropositive nature of the element this has long been known not to be the case. It is not even possible to prepare silanes higher than hexasilane because of the inherent instability of the silicon-silicon bond in the higher silanes. 

Molecular Complexity. A measure of the combined effects of molecular size, element and functional-group content, internal connectedness, stereocenter content, reactivity, and instability that lead to difficulties of synthesis. 

Tlie kind of trcuisformation tliat will take place for any given radioactive element is a function of the type of nuclear instability as well as the mass/eiiergy relationship. Tlie nuclear instability is dependent on the ratio of neutrons to protons a different type of decay will occur to allow for a more stable daughter product. The mass/energy relationship stales tliat for any radioactive transformation(s) the laws of conservation of mass tuid tlie conservation of energy must be followed. 

H2Se (like H2O and H2S) can be made by direct combination of the elements (above 350°), but H2Te and H2P0 cannot be made in this way because of their thermal instability. H2Se is a colourless, offensive-smelling poisonous gas which can be made by hydrolysis of Al2Se3, the action of dilute mineral acids on FeSe or the surface-catalysed reaction of gaseous Se and H2 ... 

Turbulent or unbalanced media flow (i.e., aerodynamic or hydraulic instability) does not have the same quadratic impacts on the vibration profile as that of load change, but it increases the overall vibration energy. This generates a unique profile that can be used to quantify the level of instability present in the machine. The profile generated by unbalanced flow is visible at the vane or blade-pass frequency of the rotating element. In addition, the profile shows a marked increase in the random noise generated by the flow of gas or liquid through the machine. 

Axial movement and the resulting presence of a third harmonic of running speed is another indication of instability or imbalance within the motor. The third harmonic is present whenever there is axial thrusting of a rotating element. 

Screw compressors use both Babbitt and rolling-element bearings. Because of the thrust created by process instability and the normal dynamics of the two rotors, all screw compressors use heavy-duty thmst bearings. In most cases, they are located on the outboard end of the two rotors, but some designs place them on the inboard end. The actual location of the thmst bearings must be known and used as a primary measurement-point location. 

With the exception of piston-type pumps, most of the common positive-displacement pumps utilize rotating elements to provide a constant-volume, constant-pressure output. As a result, these pumps can be monitored with the following parameters hydraulic instability, passing frequencies, and running speed. 

There is reason to believe that not many more new elements will be created. The instability of the nuclei of the last few elements suggests that... 

Its instability relative to its constituent elements is the result of the high value of / of gold and to its large enthalpy of atomization, which are not compensated for by the small lattice energy. 

The nuclei of some elements are stable, but others decay the moment they are formed. Is there a pattern to the stabilities and instabilities of nuclei The existence of a pattern would allow us to make predictions about the modes of nuclear decay. One clue is that elements with even atomic numbers are consistently more abundant than neighboring elements with odd atomic numbers. We can see this difference in Fig. 17.11, which is a plot of the cosmic abundance of the elements against atomic number. The same pattern occurs on Earth. Of the eight elements present as 1% or more of the mass of the Earth, only one, aluminum, has an odd atomic number. 

The pressure spike introduces a disruption in the flow. Depending on the local conditions, the excess pressure inside the bubble may overcome the inertia of the incoming liquid and the pressure in the inlet manifold, and cause a reverse flow of varying intensity depending on the local conditions. There are two ways to reduce the flow instabilities reduce the local liquid superheat at the ONB and introduce a pressure drop element at the entrance of each channel, Kandlikar (2006). Kakac and Bon (2008) reported that density-wave oscillations were observed also in conventional size channels. Introduction of additional pressure drop at the inlet (small diameter orifices were employed for this purpose) stabilized the system. 

The H and He produced in the Big Bang served as "feed stock" from which all heavier elements were later created. Less than 1% of the H produced in the Big Bang has been consumed by subsequent element production and thus heavy elements are rare. Essentially all of the heavier elements now in the Earth were produced after the Big Bang inside stars. Following the Big Bang, the universe expanded to the point where instabilities formed galaxies, mass concentrations from which up to stars could develop. 

Whitmer, A.M., Ramenofsky, A.F., Thomas, J., Thibodeaux, L., Field, S.D. and Miller, B.J. 1989 Stability or instability. The role of diffusion in trace element studies. Archaeological Method and Theory 1 205-273. 

The presentation in this paper concentrates on the use of large-scale numerical simulation in unraveling these questions for models of two-dimensional directional solidification in an imposed temperature gradient. The simplest models for transport and interfacial physics in these processes are presented in Section 2 along with a summary of the analytical results for the onset of the cellular instability. The finite-element analyses used in the numerical calculations are described in Section 3. Steady-state and time-dependent results for shallow cell near the onset of the instability are presented in Section 4. The issue of the presence of a fundamental mechanism for wavelength selection for deep cells is discussed in Section 5 in the context of calculations with varying spatial wavelength. 

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