Cockroaches, control

Insecticides. The use of iodine-based compounds as insecticides is of minor importance. The active ingredient is lodofenphos (142). It is formulated to be used in pubHc health and animal husbandry, eg, for cockroach control (see Insectcontroltechnology). 

Kepone (decachloroctahydro-l,3.4-methano - 2H-cyclobuta [cd] pentalene-2-one) was patented in 1952 by Allied Chemical and registered for ant and cockroach control. Its chief use, however, was against the banana root borer in Central and South America, where the pesticide was obtained from Germanv (refs. 108a.b). ci... 

This is one of the most popular insecticides in use today. In 2001, it ranked second in popularity among the insecticides (right after malathion, see below) 4—5 million kilograms were used in the United States. It has replaced chlordane for termite control and is used widely indoors for cockroach control. The use of chlorpyrifos is now being phased out, and it is not clear what will replace it. 

At least two events were responsible for a change in this attitude and provided the incentive to select and develop an effective juvenoid for cockroach control a) the success achieved with the juvenoid methoprene in the control of breeding flea populations in household carpets and upholstery (17, 18) b)... 

The results obtained in these chamber and aquarium tests clearly confirmed the potential of hydroprene as a cockroach control agent with consumer oriented application methods. 

Methoprene, a compound already registered for many applications, can be used for cockroach control but at higher rates than for hydroprene and only If formulated for optimal... 

Staal, G.B., Henrick, C.A., Grant, D.L., Moss, D.W., Johnson, M.C., Rudolph, R.R., and Donahue, W.A., Cockroach control with juvenoids, in Bioregulators for pest control, American Chemical Society Symposium Series 276,1985, p. 201. 

The majority of pyrethroid insecticides have low volatilities. The heavily used synthetic pyrethroid permethrin is classified as nonvolatile on the basis of its vapor pressure (1.3 x 10 kPa at 20 °C) and is rarely found in indoor air. However, it has recently been reported to be the major pesticide residue found in house dust (USEPA, 2000d). Cyper-methrin [( )-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-( )-cA,frani -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and cyfluthrin [cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-phenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloro-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] are two other low-volatility pyrethroids commonly used for indoor flea and cockroach control. 

A somewhat specialized but highly effective form of cockroach control is the treatment of sewers and refuse chutes by the introduction of fogs or LJI.V sprays of synergized bi ores me thrill (0.15% BRM + 0.15% PBO) into manholes and access points (Chadwick and -Shaw, 1974 Chadwick et [Pg.255]

Chadwick, RR. and Shaw. R.D. (1974). Cockroach control in sewers in Singapore using bioresmethrin and pipcronyJ butoxide as a thermal fog. Petite- Sci 5, 691-70]. 

Curnwell, P.B. (1976). 7 fie Cockroach, vol. II Insecticides and Cockroach Control. Ihc Rentokil Library, Associated Hits in ess Programmes, London. 

Owens, J.M. (1990). Problems associated with evaluating cockroach control chemicals. Laboratory tesi methods. Tm Proceedings of the fu aiitntai Conference on Urban Entomology - 1990 (Robinson, W.H., cd.), pp. 25 29. Blacksburg. VA, USA. 

The Bio-Path Cockroach Control Chamber (EcoScience, USA) is promoted for its ecological or green credentials, using nature to control nature s pests (Andis, 1994). In essence, it employs a bait technique to lure cockroaches inside, and the chamber design ensures that, as they leave, they are inoculated with dry conidia of M. anisopliae. Horizontal transmission within the insect populations is an integral component of this strategy (Kaakeh et al., 1996). 

Andis M. The Bio-Path Cockroach Control Chamber uses nature to control nature s pests. Pest Control 62 44, 1994. 

Twenty residential structures were treated with dichlorvos insecticide (DDVP) for (Serman cockroach control. Dermal exposure pads, air samplers, blood tests for sensn and erythrocyte acetyl-ciiolinesterase (oizyme) activity and urine analyses were used to monitor both c licators and residents for evidence of 9qx>sure to EDVP. 

Fipronil is extraordinarily active against cockroaches, and shows no crossresistance with currently available chemistry [118, 119]. Food-based gel bait formulations assist the transfer of active ingredient from exposed individuals to unexposed adults and nymphs. This has been shown to be significant through several different routes of exposure [120-122]. Fipronil-based gel bait formulations are highly palatable to cockroaches, which appears to enhance their effectiveness [123]. The high intrinsic activity and an excellent, palatable formulation have made gel baits containing fipronil a key component in cockroach control. 

The toxicities of boric acid and borax to animal life are sufficient for them to be used as insecticides, e.g. in ant and cockroach control. Borax is also used as a fungicide it acts by preventing the formation of fungal spores. The level of toxicity of borax is relatively low, but does cause some concern e.g. borax and honey was, at one time, used to relieve the pain of teething in children, but this use is no longer recommended. 

---