Insecticidal effects

Piperonyl butoxide, a common potentiator of insecticide effects that inhibits microsomal enzymes, antagonized the toxic effects of methyl parathion in mice (Mirer et al. 1977). 

The importance of formulation on the penetration of parathion into the peel of citrus fruit is indicated in Table VI, the emulsified technical grade compound entering in greatest amount. This suggests the possibility of being able to formulate parathion in a manner which might effectively prevent the penetration of the compound into citrus peel but an attendant difficulty might be that its insecticidal effectiveness would be lessened. 

Muller had several clues to guide his search. First, he knew from Henri Martin s mothproofing work that a chlorinated hydrocarbon worked as a gastric moth poison. Second, his early experiments showed him that compounds with the group CH2C1 had some insecticidal effect. Third, a 1934 article in the Journal of the Chemical Society of London described the preparation of diphenyltrichloroethane, which Muller found to be somewhat poi-... 

Tsuji, H. and Y. Taneike. 1988. Insecticidal effect of diflubenzuron against cockroaches. Japan. Jour. Sanitary Zool. 39 19-25. 

Miyazawa M, Tsukamoto T, Anzai J, IshikawaY, Insecticidal effect of phthalides and furanocoumarins from Angelica acutiloba against Drosophila melanogaster, JAgricPood Chem 52 4401—4405, 2004. 

While the above observation is interesting and could possibly have some implications for the control of the pink bollworm, the complexity of the steroid nucleus of ponasterone A and other molting hormone analogs and their weak insecticidal effect when applied topically or administered orally to most species of economically important insects may preclude their commercialization. The only commercial use of the molting hormone analogs thus far has been in the sericultural industry for the synchronization of cocoon spinning of silkworm colonies (17). 

Petroleum oils are widely used in the treatment of citrus crops in California. They have proved to be the most efficient insecticide per unit of cost for most of the dominant pests of citrus in this area. In an effort to improve oil sprays from the standpoint of both tree safety and insecticidal effectiveness, the research on oil sprays at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station has been intensified. Part of this new effort has involved close cooperation with other laboratories, particularly with the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva. The same petroleum fractions and other hydrocarbon compositions were tested simultaneously against citrus and deciduous fruit pests. This coordinated approach has been mutually advantageous, and it is expected that it will lead to an understanding of the fundamental principles involved in the use of hydrocarbon oils as insecticides in general. 

Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes V. maackii Regel V. nigrum L. Li Lu (Mountain onion) (rhizome) Jervine, pseudojervine, rubijervine, tienmulilmine, tienmulilminine, zygadenine, germine.33 This herb may cause mucosal irritation. Lower blood pressure, slow heart rate, antibacterial. It has insecticidal effect. 

It is interesting that a new group of fungicides based on the natural products from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus also inhibit mitochondrial respiration at the site of complex III (bei-complex) of the respiratory chain (see Chapter 4). Recently synthesised compounds from within this class are showing interesting insecticidal effects. 

Slotkin, T.A., Levin, E.D. and Seidler, F.J. (2006) Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides effects on brain development are separable from systemic toxicity. Environ. Health Perspect., 114 (5), 746-751. 

The advantages of using soap or detergent to kill insects are that these materials are inexpensive, easily washed away, and environmentally friendly. The disadvantages are that they are not selective for harmful insect pests over beneficial ones. Also, they work only by direct contact, and the plant must be wiped clean once the pests are destroyed getting rid of all the soap can be difficult if you are using a concentrated solution. Lasdy, they have no lasting insecticidal effect. 

C listihiruleJ ami Cyclic Alcohols. Although these compounds show sumewhu stronger insecticidal effectiveness, as compared with the saturated aliphatic alcohols, this added strength is still not sufficient... 

Ketones. Because of their rather weak insecticidal effectiveness, the ketones are used mainly as solvents for control chemical formulations. 

The 9-acetic acid derivative (285) was studied for its antiatherosclerotic effect.258,268,436-443 The 4-oxo-4//-pyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidine (286) was investigated in various tests for insecticidal effects.444... 

Fenitrothion is a broad-spectrum insecticide effective against a number of insects. It has been widely used in Australia for locust control. In January 2002, nine workers were hospitalized in Melbourne, Australia, as the result of exposure to fenitrothion.8 The incident occured when a forklift ran over and punctured three cans of the insecticide. Symptoms reported included irritated skin, stinging eyes, and nausea. According to an official at the scene, fenitrothion works its way into the eyes, armpits, and up the nose. Because of the applications for which it is used, residential and dietary exposures to fenitrothion are considered to be negligible in the U.S. 

Regnault Roger, C. and Hamraoui, A. (1995) Comparison of the insecticidal effects of water extracted and intact aromatic plants on Acanthoscelides obtectus, a bruchid beetle pest of kidney beans. Chemoecology 5(6), 1-5. 

Fenitrothion is a potent contact insecticide effective on a wide range of pests. It has an oral LD50 in rats of 250 mg/kg. 

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