Insects, hormones

Grandisol, with a four-membered ring, is another insect hormone, the male sex hormone of the boll weevil to be precise. It may also be useful as a highly specific pest control. How might it be made ... 

The use of polylactides for delivery of insect hormone analogs and other veterinary compounds (115,116) has been studied. Microspheres, pellets, and reservoir devices based on polyglycolide, poly-(DL-Iactide), poly(L-lactide), and various copolymers have been used to deliver methoprene and a number of juvenile hormone analogs. ... 

Jaffe, H., Hayes, D. K., Lutra, R. P., Shuka, P. G., Amarnath, N., and Chaney, N. A., Controlled release micro-spheres of insect hormone analogues, Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater., 12, 282, 1985. 

Ketone (31) was used in a synthesis of juvabione (32) an insect hormone mimic produced by conifers. 

Cl 0HigOi Unsat, keto-acid Insect hormone (9) W313... 

Morgan ED (1990) Insect trail pheromones a perspective in progress. In McCaffery AR, Wilson ID (eds) Chromatography and isolation of insect hormones and pheromones. Plenum, New York, p 259... 

B. Synthesis of Tritium-labelled Analogues of Juvenile Insect Hormones... 

Flatt T, Moroz LL, Tatar M, Heyland A (2006) Comparing thyroid and insect hormone signalling. Integr Comp Biol 46 777-794... 

Full details of the chemical and spectroscopic evidence used to establish the structure of deodarone (19) have been published (cf. Vol. 4, p. 88 Vol. 6, p. 58). Further research on terpenoid insect hormones present in various species of fir has resulted in the isolation of juvabione (20), juvabiol (21), and epijuvabiol (22) from... 

For Instance, many terpene derivatives mimic insect hormone actioa Juvabione (15) is the classical example of a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic that prevents egg maturation in Pyrrhocoris bugs. Aromatic terpene ethers (16), methylene dloxyphenyl terpene ethers (17), and other farnesyl derivatives also have JH activity and the latter ones (18) also cause sterility in Pyrrhocoris. For the most part JH active terpenes are among the sesquiterpenes but several monoterpenes also have insect sterilizing effects (19. 20). The acyclic monoterpene cltral reduces the fertility of rats by causing follicular degeneration (21). 

Riddiford, L. M., and J. W. Truman, Biochemistry of insect hormones and insect growth regulators. In Biochemistry of Insects. New York Academic Press, 1978. 

Stereoselectivity in the synthesis of trisubstituted olefins is necessary for the study of biosynthetic routes to polyisoprenoids, the nonenzymatic cyclization of polyolefinic substrates, and the study of insect hormones. 

Retinoic Acid Receptor. Most of the biological effects of retinoids are mediated through the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Both all-/ran.s-retinoic acid and 9-d.v-rctinoic acid serve as agonists of RAR, while only 9-d.v-rctinoic acid functions as an agonist of RXR. The functional RAR exists as a heterodimer with RXR, while functional RXR exists as a homodimer. Methoprene is a juvenile hormone III analogue that mimics the activity of this insect hormone. 

Tebufenozide acts by mimicking the effects of the insect hormone ecdysone, which along with juvenile hormone, controls the initiation of a molt. Exposure to tebufenozide induces a premature molt that traps the insect in its old cuticle. This compound is especially effective against caterpillars. 

Pesticides—Congresses. 2. Agricultural chemistry— Congresses. 3. Insect hormones—Congresses. 4. Plant regulators—Congresses. 

Plant substances are said to enhance some insect hormones, to the advantage of the insect. Bedard et al. (44) have described how the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) uses its host pine trees (Firms ponderosa and P. coulteri) to enhance the drawing power of its sex attractant, exobrevicomin. When ready to mate, both sexes emit the attractant. Bedard found the attractant s power (in terms of numbers of insects attracted) was doubled when mixed with myrcene, a normal constituent of pine wood. Myrcene alone was not attractive. Myrcene, however, is not restricted to pine we have seen earlier (10) that it is consistently found in spruce needles, and in general it is not characteristic of any single group of plants. Since the western pine beetle feeds only on pine, of what real ecological significance is Bedard s report of the enhancement of its hormone by myrcene Why isn t a more specific constituent of pine wood involved Perhaps one is, but research has not yet revealed it. Apart from Brower s work with the monarchs, we have not examined the rich area of herbivore—predator interactions. 

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