Inline sensor

Automation 5 [A 5] Inline Sensors According to the ISA SP76 Standard... 

The NeSSI initiative [23], introduced above, already offers such inline sensor equipment according to the ISA SP76 standard. 

Figure 4.69 Set-up of inline sensors from the NeSSI initiative [23] (by courtesy of CPAC).

R 17] [A 5] The general set-up of these inline sensors always follows a uniform structure (Figure 4.69). A sensor is in direct contact with the fluid in a flow cell in the base plate. From here the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and further processed in a micro processor before it is send to the communication bus. 

Automation 13 [A 13] Combination of Inline Sensors with Electronic and Fluidic Bus System... 

A combined approach for the integration of inline sensors with an electronic and fluidic bus system is presented in the following. This development aims at the further intensification of plant compactness using the above-mentioned backbone concept of the pChemTec consortium [24], The goal was the reduction or complete avoidance of cables and wires which connect sensors in a plant to the peripheral data processing system by the supply of an internal wiring scheme, the internal electronic bus [86],... 

R 18] [A 13] This bus concept allows the integration of standardized flow cells and inline sensors as described above. Currently, the integration of a commercial flow cell coupled to an inline NIR spectrometer is under development. 

Control of industrial polymerization reactors is a challenging task because, in general, control engineers lack rigorous polymerization process knowledge, process model, and rapid online or inline sensors to measure polymer properties. Exothermic polymerization processes often exhibit strongly nonlinear dynamic behaviors (e.g., multiple steady states, autonomous oscillations, limit cycles, parametric sensitivity, and thermal runaway), particularly when continuous stirred tank... 

Fig. 11 Overview of the possible uses for a multiplexed microfluidic cell culture system. Input can be used for control of the stem cell nice and drug testing. The gradient generator creates a concentration profile of the input factors. The cell culture chamber is a perfusion chamber. Analysis involves monitoring the output of the device, which can include imaging with appropriate biomarkers, analysis using Inline sensors or standard laboratory equipment [74]...

Thick stock ash control is another promising solution. An ash sensor either based on dilution of the blend chest stock or an inline sensor in various thick stock locations - coated broke, uncoated broke and blend chest pump enable control of thick stock filler addition or ratio control of incoming pulp streams. 

Thermodynamic parameters and spectroscopic data can also be monitored simultaneously during a process. For example, during fluid bed granulation, thermodynamic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and differential pressure in the vessel may be critical to the process. Parameters derived from inline sensors may include moisture content (via NIRS) and particle size (via focused beam reflection measurement, FBRM). Figure 6 represents a schematic of the... 

The sensor can either be mounted in a DIE28 package (dual-inline package with 28 pins) for testing and calibration purposes or in a TO-package (Fig. 6.15), which is... 

R 18] [A 1] Each module is equipped with a heater (H3-H8) and a fluidic cooling (C03-C06). Temperature sensors integrated in the modules deliver the sensor signals for the heater control. Fluidic data such as flow and pressure are measured integrally outside the micro structured devices by laboratory-made flow sensors manufactured by silicon machining. The micro structured pressure sensor can tolerate up to 10 bar at 200 °C with a small dead volume of only 0.5 pi. The micro structured mass flow sensor relies on the Coriolis principle and is positioned behind the pumps in Figure 4.59 (FIC). For more detailed information about the product quality it was recommended to use optical flow cells inline with the chemical process combined with an NIR analytic or a Raman spectrometer. 

In this work we used an aluminium oxide humidity sensor to measure inline the water vapour pressure. We investigated the partitioning of water between SC-CO2 and the enzyme preparation and we determined the influence of water activity on the initial reaction velocity. 

A pressure increase can also be observed when inline filtration is implemented. Appropriate positioning of the pressure sensors is required to measure the pressure drop on the filters. When the pressure drop is too large, the filters need to be replaced or cleaned. If the frequency is too high, prefiltration of the crude can be implemented or should be revised. 

Following the initial feasibility studies of Lubbers and Opitz, Cardiovascular Devices (GDI, USA) developed a GasStat extracorporeal system suitable for continuous online monitoring of blood gases ex vivo during cardiopulmonary bypass operations. The system consists of a disposable plastic sensor connected inline with a blood loop through a fiber optic cable. Permeable membranes separate the flowing blood from the system chemistry. The C02-sensitive indicator consists of a fine emulsion of a bicarbonate buffer in a two-component silicone. The pH-sensitive indicator is a cellulose material to which hydroxypyrene trisulfonate (HPTS) is bonded covalently. The 02-sensitive chemistry is... 

The GD-888 SERIES of portable and wall-mounted. Infrared Carbon Dioxide Gas analyzers are available from as low as 0-9990 ppm up to 0-100.0% full scale. Bectrochemical oxygen and toxic gas sensors can also be added inline with the built-in air pump. Most units come with backlit LCD display, adjustable alarm, 0-1 VDC output, and rechargeable batteries that allow for portable use or continuously on AC power with the battery charger. 

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