Sensor signal

Increasingly, the word sensor is used interchangeably with, or in place of, the word transducer to represent the conversion of one type of energy into another. The word actuator, however, refers to a distinctly different set of devices capable of activating a device upon receiving an appropriate signal. Sensors and actuators may be found as part of a system on a single piece of siUcon. 

A sensor is a kind of translator. It receives specific information about the system under investigation and transmits this information in the form of an electrical signal. Sensors are specific to a given property of the system under investigation. Some sensors are sensitive to temperature, others are sensitive to light, still others to pH, pressure, etc. 

Fang Y (2007) Non-invasive optical biosensor for probing cell signaling. Sensors 7 2316-2329... 

The different functions of the BPB (as a stimulator, biopotential signal sensor, goniometry sensor, and pressure or temperature sensor) and the availability of multiple BPBs in one patient (up to 850 BPBs) gives the cUnidan many opportunities to restore neurological function, espedaUy in poststroke syndrome, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and for limb sensing in amputees to control fitted prostheses. 

Depending on the type of output signals, sensors used for machine monitoring can be generally classified into five categories ... 

Solenoid valve malfunctionf [electronic pin clogging] /[clogging] /solenoid shorted coil/faulty control signal/sensor error. 

FIGURE 14.9 Chip with V-groove polyimide thermally actuated legs (left). Cross-section schematic of one of the actuators (right). (From Ebefors, T., Polyimide V-groove joints for three-dimensional silicon transducers. Department of Signals, Sensors, and Systems. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.)... 

Ebefors, T. 2000. Polyimide V-groove joints for three-dimensional silicon transducers. Department of Signals, Sensors, and Systems. Stockholm, Sweden Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). 

Based on traffic at crossings, more and more grade crossings have barrier gates and signals. Sensors that detect the speed of a train activate gates and assure adequate lead time for gates to close. However, there are drivers who try to... 

Non-inverted causality in effort sensor (De) due to hardware redundancy, Non-inverted causality in flow sensor (Df) due to hardware redundancy. Inversion of signal sensor (Ds) to signal source (Ss). 

The controller outputs are easily measurable and they are almost always known to the software. The residuals for the controllers are simple comparisons of the measured outputs and the predicted outputs. For this purpose, each signal sensor, Ds, is always converted to a signal source, Ss. The residual is obtained using simple comparison in a block diagram representation, as shown in Fig. 7.15. 

R. Gruden, O. Kanoun, and U. Troltzsch, Influence of surface effects on the characteristic curves of detergent sensors, in 9th International Multi-Conference on Signals, Sensors and Devices, 20.-23. Mdrz 2012, Chemnitz, 2012. 

With the substantial improvement of the standard of living and the availability of many appliances and devices, many kinds of sensors have been proposed and some have already become commercially available. A sensor is a device which detects physical or chemical quantities and transduces these quantities into electronic signals. Sensors which detect species and concentration of chemical substances are called chemical sensors . 

MORE SIGNAL Sensor reads low High pressure - trip fires ... 

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