Inks, environmentally friendly

In Japan, the standard Eco Mark Product Category No. 102 Printing Ink Version 2.6 [26] sets on a voluntary basis standards for an environmentally friendly composition of printing inks. Since introduction of this standard in 1997, more than 90% of all offset inks in Japan were reformulated to inks free from aromatic compounds ( white oil ). To fulfil the above-mentioned standard, the inks should be based on vegetable oils. They should not contain more than 1 vol.% of aromatic hydrocarbons ( white oils ). Additionally, sheet-fed offset inks should not contain more than 30% of crude oil-based solvents and not more than 3% VOC. Web offset inks should contain no more than 45% crude oil solvents (which seems not really to be a progress in comparison to typical standard inks). By the way, it is expected from vegetable oil-based inks that the print products are as deinkable as conventional mineral oil-based offset inks. 

In flexographic printing there has been a move away from solvent inks to the more environmentally friendly water-based inks. This has led to a renewed interest in the use of this technology. ... 

Water-based or aqueous inks are prevalent on the desktop and enjoy the advantage of being relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly, but penetration in industrial applications has been slow for a variety of reasons. Water-based inks tend to require porous or specially treated substrates or even lamination to impart durability and the ink tends not to adhere to non-porous substrates. Additionally, many piezoelectric industrial print heads are incompatible with water-based ink formulations, although this is changing in some part due to market demand for systems that can jet water-based biological or food contact fluids. 

King Ke Yung et al. (2008) Environmental-friendly and solvent-based inkjet ink composition, US Patent Application 20080006175, January 2008. 

As described above, the development of emulsion-based inks has evolved but major issues still limit their development. The microemulsion print quality is usually limited due to the ink penetration into the paper. As for the miniemulsions, better particle size control and improved emulsion stability are needed. In addition, more environmentally friendly solvents that have less smell, lower toxicity, and higher solubilizing power of the colorant need to be developed. 

In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. Polymer particles are prepared extensively as synthetic emulsions and latexes, which are applied as binders in the industrial fields of paint, paper and inks, and films such as adhesives and coating materials. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards aqueous dispersed systems due to the increased awareness of environmental issues. Moreover, such polymer particles have already been applied to more advanced fields such as bio-, information, and electronic technologies. In addition to the obvious commercial importance of these techniques, it is of fundamental scientific interest to completely elucidate the mechanistic details of macromolecule synthesis in the microreactors that the polymer particles in these heterogeneous systems constitute. 

The main function of the printing process is to provide contrast and colour to the substrate. The ink must meet the requirements that depend on the printing process and the substrate, i.e., rheological properties, surface chemical properties and drying properties. Consequently the composition of inks varies widely. In addition, it should be user and environmentally friendly. As for food packages, toxicological and migration properties must be observed. 

Chem. Descrip. Tri-n-butyi citrate CAS 77-94-1 EiNECS/ELiNCS 201-071-2 Uses Piasticizer for ceiiuiose nitrate, ethyi ceiiuiose, chiorinated rubber, ceiiuiosic coatings, PVAc, PVB, PVC, PVP, PVdC, poiy(acryiate/meth-acryiate) defoamer in proteinaceous soi ns. improved it. stability in cellulose acetate solvent for household, I I cleaners solvent, film-former, plasticizer in inks, adhesives, coatings food pkg. adhesives Features Environmentally friendly Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105 kosher Properties Clear Iiq., essentially odorless sol. in toluene, heptane, < 0.1 g/100 ml water m.w. 360 sp.gr. 1.037-1.045 vise. 32 cps vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (170 C) pour pt. -62 C flash pt. (COC) 185 C ref. index 1.443-1.445 99% assay... 

Chem. Descrip. Acetyltriethyl dtrate CAS 77-894 EINECS/ELINCS 201-066-5 Uses Plasticizer for more polar resins such as cellulosics, polyaciylates, PVAc, polyvinyl butyral, PVC, PVP, PVdC, chlorinated rubber lightfastness for lacquer formulations solvent in household, I I cleaners solvent, film-fonner, plasticizer for inks, adhesives, coatings, food pkg. adhesives/coatings/paper/paperboard/polymers Features Environmentally friendly... 

Uses Lubricant, coupling agent for metalworking intermediate for EP additives, surfactants, oleochem. derivs. wetting agent in agric. adjuvants base fluid in environmentally friendly soivs. and cleaners earner, solvent for pesticides, inks, leather treatment food coatings food pkg. adhesives... 

Hand eczema can occur, due to colophony, from handling paper and newsprint (without ink) (Liden and Karlberg 1992). Papers based on mechanical pulps ( environmentally friendly paper ) may have a greater potential to elicit positive patch-test reactions than papers made from other pulps. The increased use of mechanical pulps in different applications may increase the incidence of rosin-related hand eczema (Karlberg et al. 1995). 

Flexographic printing commonly employs low-viscosity (50-500mPa) and rapiddrying fluid inks, with an emerging focus on more environmentally friendly water-based inks as an alternative to improve the quality of packaging materials and enhance their performance and sustainability (Zvonkina et al., 2014 Zolek-Tryznowska et al., 2015). 

The examples shown illustrate the potential of printing in the fabrication of piezoeleetrie large area devices. With suitable environmentally friendly inks, the teehnology may pave the way for piezoelectric devices anywhere. 

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