Initial Tests

In co-operation with LM Glasfiber, a complete section of a rotor blade was produced with a number of well defined defects in order to perform an initial sensitivity test by means of ultrasound, vibrations techniques and real-time radiography. Based on the results of this initial test it was found that automated ultrasonic inspection was the best suited teclmique. In co-... 

NOTE In the initial testing of any undesireable interaction between Sodium Azide, Acetic Acid and Sulfuric Acid, I mixed 5mL of each into a small cup underneath my "fume hood". Though I smelled nothing, within seconds my head felt like it was expanding, my heart started racing, and I felt more weak and confused than normal. I just barely escaped and recovered in 15 minutes, but, Needless to say, this procedure is a tad on the dangerous side. You have been warned. ... 

Modification of Process Conditions Relatively small changes in process conditions often markedly affect the performance of specific solids-liquid separators, makiug possible their application when initial test results indicated otherwise or vice versa. Flocculating... 

Weston, A.M., Kincaid, J.F., James, E., Lee, E.L., Green, L.G., and Walton, J.R., Correlation of the Results of Shock Initiation Tests, in Seventh Symposium (International) on Detonation, NSWC MP 82-334 (edited by Short, J.M.), Naval Surface Weapons Center, While Oak, Silver Spring, MD, 1982, pp. 887-897. 

A 1,200°F furnaee was used for initial testing. Testing at atmos-pherie eonditions, as well as at 1,000°F and 1,200°F, was followed by final testing at temperatures as high as 1,400°F. 

Initially, tests are run to identify the major eritieal frequeneies of the impeller. Mode shapes are then determined visually at eaeh of the eritieal frequeneies. To obtain these mode visualizations, salt is sprinkled evenly on the dise surfaee. The shaker is maintained at a partieular frequeney, at whieh value a given eritieal frequeney is exeited for a eertain length of time so that the salt partieles display the mode shape. The salt aeeumulates in the nodal regions. Photographs are taken at lower values of these eritieal frequeneies. Photography allows a qualitative identifieation of the appropriate mode shapes eorresponding to eaeh frequeney. Figure 5-27 shows an impeller with the mode shapes. 

Performance maps These are performanee maps based on design or initial tests (base lines) of the various maehinery parameters. These maps, for example present how power output varies with ambient eonditions, or with properties of the fuel, or the eondition of the filtration system or how elose to the surge line a eompressor is operating. On these maps, the present value is displayed, thus allowing the operator to determine the degradation in performanee oeeur-ring in the units. 

The focus of this element is on the enhancement of product safety and the minimization of product liability through the use of standards, initial tests and evaluations, human factors considerations, and subsequent analyses of problems. For ESH/PSM, safety might be viewed more broadly as safety, health, and environmental protection. 

In the laboratory, more than 160 bench-scale tests involving more than 40 catalysts were made in order to determine the optimum catalysts and process conditions for this application. Initial tests used commercially available catalysts, but early findings indicated that a whole new series of catalysts was required. 

In initial tests to check the approach, sheet samples of thermoplastic ethylene tetra-fluoroethylene (ETFE) were used, with a permeation cup control test yielding a Q value of... 

Options The analyst elects to first study photometry and place the three reference concentrations symmetrically about the nominal value (= 100%). The initial test procedure consists of using references at 80, 100, and 120% at the beginning of the series, and then a 100% reference after every fifth determination of an unknown sample. 

We initially tested Candida antarctica lipase using imidazolium salt as solvent because CAL was found to be the best enzyme to resolve our model substrate 5-phenyl-l-penten-3-ol (la) the acylation rate was strongly dependent on the anionic part of the solvents. The best results were recorded when [bmim][BF4] was employed as the solvent, and the reaction rate was nearly equal to that of the reference reaction in diisopropyl ether. The second choice of solvent was [bmim][PFg]. On the contrary, a significant drop in the reaction rate was obtained when the reaction was carried out in TFA salt or OTf salt. From these results, we concluded that BF4 salt and PFg salt were suitable solvents for the present lipase-catalyzed reaction. Acylation of la was accomplished by these four enzymes Candida antarctica lipase, lipase QL from Alcaligenes, Lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia and Candida rugosa lipase. In contrast, no reaction took place when PPL or PLE was used as catalyst in this solvent system. These results were established in March 2000 but we encountered a serious problem in that the results were significantly dependent on the lot of the ILs that we prepared ourselves. The problem was very serious because sometimes the reaction did not proceed at all. So we attempted to purify the ILs and established a very successful procedure (Fig. 3) the salt was first washed with a mixed solvent of hexane and ethyl acetate (2 1 or 4 1), treated with activated charcoal and passed into activated alumina neutral type I as an acetone solution. It was evaporated and dried under reduced... 

Initial tests of Brownian pumping required the measurement of Th in colloids separated from seawater samples. " Th proved to be an especially useful tracer of colloidal uptake of metal species because of its constant source and relative abundance. Baskaran et al. (1992) and Moran and Buesseler (1992) used cross-flow filtration to separate the colloidal fraction and both studies reported significant (up to 78% of total) " Th in this fraction. Subsequent work largely supported these observations (Moran and Buesseler 1993 Huh and Prahl 1995) and suggested the importance of colloidal organic matter in scavenging Th (Niven et al. 1995). 

Initial tests in the rat revealed a high degree of tissue compatibility of Dat-Tyr-Hex derived polymers. More detailed tests are now in progress. In addition, tyrosine derived polymers are currently being evaluated in the formulation of an intracranial controlled release device for the release of dopamine, in the design of an intraarterial stent (to prevent the restenosis of coronary arteries after balloon angioplasty), and in the development of orthopedic implants. The use of tyrosine derived polymers in these applications will provide additional data on the biocompatibility of these polymers. 

In the initial test, 6 ml of 25% (wt.) caustic solution in water was charged to the autoclave with 37.5 grams of catalyst. The caustic used in this run was a blend containing 50 wt. % sodium hydroxide and 50 wt. % potassium hydroxide. The feed of DMAPN containing 0.04 wt. % water was then started to the autoclave... 

Next, a series of runs was conducted to determine the effect of various alkali metal hydroxide additions along with the sponge nickel catalyst. The 50 wt. % sodium hydroxide and 50 wt. % potassium hydroxide caustic solution used in the initial test was replaced with an aqueous solution of the alkali metal hydroxide at the level indicated in Table 2. After the reaction number of cycles indicated in Table 2, a sample was removed for analysis. The conditions and results are shown in Table 2. The results reported in Table 2 show the level of 2° Amine in the product from the final cycle. The level of NPA in all of the mns was comparable to the level observed in the initial test. No significant levels of other impurities were detected. 

An automotive component supplier manufacturing a fuel delivery system module noticed contamination, appearing as whitish-yellow particles, in one unit. Some initial testing included both FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. However, additional testing was requested in order to independently and more accurately determine the source of the contamination. Preliminary testing indicated that the... 

Yet another new method for calculating PMFs has recently appeared, which appears promising in initial tests.53 In this method, an adiabatic separation between the reaction coordinate and the remaining degrees of freedom is imposed. This allows improved sampling while alleviating the need for (often difficult) post processing. 

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