Burkholderia cepacia

R)-3-Phenoxybutanoic acid and the corresponding butyl (S)-ester were obtained by Burkholderia cepacia lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification of the racemic acid with 1-butanol in hexane containing anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the water produced during the reaction (Figure 6.17) [64]. 

RR spectra of the Rieske protein from T. thermophilus (TRP) and of phthalate dioxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia (PDO) have been reported by Kuila et al. (66, 67), and those of the Rieske protein from Sulfolobus sp. strain 7 tentatively called sulredoxin by Iwasaki et al. (68). Although no complete analysis is yet available, several conclusions can be drawn from these spectra, in comparison to the spectra of proteins containing a 4-cysteine coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster (Table VI). 

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been performed on the isolated Rieske protein from bovine heart mitochondrial bc complex 69) as well as on the Rieske-type cluster in Burkholderia cepacia phthalate dioxygenase (PDO) (72). The analysis performed by Powers et al. 69) was significantly hampered by the fact that the presence of two histidine ligands was not fully recognized therefore, only the results obtained with the dioxygenase where the mononuclear iron has been depleted will be considered here. Table VII gives a comparison of the distances obtained from the fit of the EXAFS spectra assuming an idealized Rieske model and of the distances in the crystal structures... 

Burkholderia cepacia has formerly been known as Pseudomonas cepacia. 

We initially tested Candida antarctica lipase using imidazolium salt as solvent because CAL was found to be the best enzyme to resolve our model substrate 5-phenyl-l-penten-3-ol (la) the acylation rate was strongly dependent on the anionic part of the solvents. The best results were recorded when [bmim][BF4] was employed as the solvent, and the reaction rate was nearly equal to that of the reference reaction in diisopropyl ether. The second choice of solvent was [bmim][PFg]. On the contrary, a significant drop in the reaction rate was obtained when the reaction was carried out in TFA salt or OTf salt. From these results, we concluded that BF4 salt and PFg salt were suitable solvents for the present lipase-catalyzed reaction. Acylation of la was accomplished by these four enzymes Candida antarctica lipase, lipase QL from Alcaligenes, Lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia and Candida rugosa lipase. In contrast, no reaction took place when PPL or PLE was used as catalyst in this solvent system. These results were established in March 2000 but we encountered a serious problem in that the results were significantly dependent on the lot of the ILs that we prepared ourselves. The problem was very serious because sometimes the reaction did not proceed at all. So we attempted to purify the ILs and established a very successful procedure (Fig. 3) the salt was first washed with a mixed solvent of hexane and ethyl acetate (2 1 or 4 1), treated with activated charcoal and passed into activated alumina neutral type I as an acetone solution. It was evaporated and dried under reduced... 

We investigated lipase-catalyzed acylation of 1-phenylethanol in the presence of various additives, in particular an E. additive using diisopropyl ether as solvent. Enhanced enantioselectivity was obtained when a BEG-hased novel IE, i.e., imidazolium polyoxyethylene(lO) cetyl sulfate, was added at 3-10 mol% vs. substrate in the Burkholderia cepacia lipase (hpase PS-C) catalyzed transesterification using vinyl acetate in diisopropyl ether or a hexane solvent system. ... 

Lipase ANL, lipase from Aspergillus niger, BCL, lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia) CAL-B, lipase from Candida antarctica B PPL, lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens PPL, pig pancreatic lipase. 

Various cyclic esters have been subjected to hpase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. Lipase catalyzed the ring-opening polymerization of 4- to 17-membered non-substituted lactones.In 1993, it was first demonstrated that medium-size lactones, 8-valerolactone (8-VL, six-membered) and e-caprolactone (e-CL, seven-membered), were polymerized by lipases derived from Candida cylindracea, Burkholderia cepacia (lipase BC), Pseudomonas fluorescens (lipase PF), and porcine pancreas (PPL). °... 

Rhodococcus globerulus P6 Burkholderia cepacia LB 400 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF 707 Pseudomonas sp. KKS 102 Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK 6 Pseudomonas sp. CA 10 Escherichia coli C Escherichia coli Alcaligenes eutrophus IMP 222 Sphingomonas paucinwbilis SYK 6... 

Chang H-K, P Mohsen, GJ Zylstra (2003) Characterization and regulation of the genes for a novel anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia DBOl. J Bacterial 185 5871-5881. 

Gisi MR, L Xun (2003) Characterization of chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (TftD) and NADH flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase (TftC) of Burkholderia cepacia ACllOO. J Bacteriol 185 2786-2792. 

Xun L (1996) Purification and characterization of chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia ACnOO. J Bacterial 178 2645-2649. 

Strain G4/PR1 of Burkholderia cepacia in which the synthesis of toluene-2-monooxygenase is constitutive is able to degrade a number of ethers including diethyl ether and n-butyl methyl ether but not t-butyl methyl ether (Hur et al. 1997). 

Hur H-G, LM Newman, LP Wackett, MJ Sadowsky (1997) Toluene 2-monooxygenase-dependent growth of Burkholderia cepacia G4/PR1 on diethyl ether. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 1606-1609. 

Burkholderia cepacia strain 2CBS is able to degrade ort/jo-halogenated benzoates by dioxygenation to catechol with the elimination of halide and decarboxylation. The enzyme contains a ferredoxin-and a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] center. These could be distinguished on the basis of their EPR spectra, and the results were compared with those for other [2Fe-2S] clusters (Riedel et al. 1995). 

Mycobacterium sp. BBl Pseudomonas cepacia F297 Pseudomonas putida GZ44 Mycobacterium sp. RJGll-135 Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas paucimobilis Pseudomonas paucimobilis Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1... 

Juhasz AL, ML Britz, GA Stanley (1997) Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[(3,/j]anthracene and coronene by Burkholderia cepacia. Water Sci Technol 36 45-51. 

The chlorophenol-4-hydroxylase from Burkholderia cepacia strain ACllOO is able to bring about not only the transformation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes to the expected 4-hydroxybenzoates, bnt also rearrangement to 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehydes (Martin et al. 1999) (Fignre 8.27). 

Chang H-K, GJ Zylstra (1999) Role of quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase in degradation of phthalate by Burkholderia cepacia DBOl. J Bacteriol 181 3069-3075. 

A study of the hydrolase in Burkholderia cepacia LB 400 has revealed significant details (Seah et al. 2000) (Figure 9.6a) ... 

Daubaras DL, CD Hershberger, K Kitano, AM Chakrabarty (1995) Sequence analysis of a gene cluster involved in metabolism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Burkholderia cepacia ACHOO. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 1279-1289. 

Daubaras DL, K Saido, AM Chakrabarty (1996) Purification of hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase and maley-lacetate reductase the lower pathway of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism by Burkholderia cepacia ACllOO. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 4276-4279. 

Zaborina O, DL Daubaras, A Zago, Y Xun, K Saido, T Klem, D Nikolic, AM Chakrabarty (1998) Novel pathway for conversion of chlorohydroxyquinol to maleylacetate in Burkholderia cepacia ACllOO. J Bacteriol 180 4667-4675. 

Carbon isotope fractionation was examined during the aerobic degradation of TCE by Burkholderia cepacia strain G4 that possesses toluene monooxygenase activity (Barth et al. 2002). There were substantial differences in values of isotope shifts during degradation, from 57 to 17 ppm, and when the data were corrected to correspond to the same amount of substrate reduction the Releigh enrichment factor was 18.2. 

Barth JAC, G Slater, C Schiith, M Bill, A Downey, M Larkin, RM Kalin (2002) Carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethene by Burkholderia cepacia G4 a tool to map degradation mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 1728-1734. 

The complexity introduced by exposure of an established mixed culture growing with a single substrate to an alternative cosubstrate is illustrated by the following. A stable mixed culture of Pseudomonas putida mt-2, P. putida FI, P. putida GJ31, and Burkholderia cepacia G4 growing with limited concentrations of toluene was established. Exposure to TCE for a month resulted in the loss of viability of the last three organisms, and resulted in a culture dominated by P. putida mt-2 from which mutants had fortuitously arisen (Mars et al. 1998). 

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