Infrared spectroscopy microscopy

Infrared spectroscopy/microscopy certainly is the primary method of choice when organic substances have to be identified. Sample preparation usually is simple for identification purposes, but will be an issue for imaging experiments, and spatial resolution may then well be only in the range of a few micrometers, depending on the used experimental approach (transmission, ATR). 

See also Asbestos. Color Measurement. Forensic Sciences Thin-Layer Chromatography. Gas Chromatography Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Microscopy Applications Forensic. Spectrophotometry Diode Array. Textiles Natural Synthetic. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction X-Ray Diffraction - Powder. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission X-Ray Fluorescence Theory Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence. 

Boskey, A. and Mendelsohn, R. (2005) Infrared analysis of bone in health and disease. / Biomed. Opt, 10 (3), 031102. Mendelsohn, R, Paschalis, E.E, and Boskey, A.L. (1999) Infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, and microscopic imaging of mineralizing tissues spectra-structure correlations from human iliac crest biopsies. J. Biomed. Opt, 4 (1), 14-21,... 

Atomic Spectrometry Infrared Spectroscopy Microscopy Scattering and Recoiling Spectrometry... 

In addition to covering Raman microscopy, this book has a wealth of information on Raman instrumentation in general. Elving P J and Winefordner J D (eds) 1986 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (New York Wiley)... 

Eden G J, Gao X and Weaver M J 1994 The adsorption of suiphate on goid(111) in acidic acqueous media Adiayer structurai interferences from infrared spectroscopy and scanning tunneiing microscopy J. Electroanal. Chem. 375 357-66... 

A variety of instmmental techniques may be used to determine mineral content. Typically the coal sample is prepared by low temperature ashing to remove the organic material. Then one or more of the techniques of x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and petrographic analysis may be employed (7). 

In order to get the pore system of zeolites available for adsorption and catalysis the template molecules have to be removed. This is generally done by calcination in air at temperatures up to 500 °C. A careful study (ref. 12) of the calcination of as-synthesized TPA-containing MFI-type single crystals by infrared spectroscopy and visible light microscopy showed that quat decomposition sets in around 350 °C. Sometimes special techniques are required, e.g. heating in an ammonia atmosphere (ref. 13) in the case of B-MFI (boron instead of aluminum present) to prevent loss of crystallinity of the zeolite during template quat removal. 

This is a nonpolar rubber with very little unsamration. Nanoclays as well as nanotubes have been used to prepare nanocomposites of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. The work mostly covers the preparation and characterization of these nanocomposites. Different processing conditions, morphology, and mechanical properties have been smdied [61-64]. Acharya et al. [61] have prepared and characterized the EPDM-based organo-nanoclay composites by X-ray diffracto-gram (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy... 

The treatment of LB films of copper behenate (10-50 layers) with H2S gas resulted in formation of the semiconductor CU2S [177]. In this case, the LB films of behenic acid alone were formed and then exposed to solutions of copper chloride. Conversion of the carboxyl groups to carboxylate groups upon copper complexation was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Resistivity measurements versus temperature confirmed the formation of semiconducting CU2S in one case, and showed a linear increase in log(R) versus IT K). All of the samples became insulators on exposure to air maintaining the conductivity required storage under vacuum. The formation of CuiS sheets in some of the sample was concluded from optical microscopy and resistivity data. 

In the present study, we synthesized in zeolite cavities Co-Mo binary sulfide clusters by using Co and Mo carbonyls and characterized the clusters by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The mechanism of catalytic synergy generation in HDS is discussed. 

A number of techniques have been employed that are capable of giving information about amorphous phases. These include infrared spectroscopy, especially the use of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) or Fourier transform (FT) techniques. They also include electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Nor are wet chemical methods to be neglected for they, too, form part of the armoury of methods that have been used to elucidate the chemistry and microstructure of these materials. 

There are several other techniques Uke the fluorescent dye displacement assays, footprinting, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance etc used for hgand-DNA interactions that are not discussed here. 

Usually bimetallic nanoparticles as well as monometallic ones are characterized by many probing tools such as UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), EXAFS, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO (CO-IR), and so on [1,2]. 

There is great interest in developing molecular precursors for boron-nitrogen polymers and boron nitride solid state materials, and one general procedure is described in this report. Combinations of B-trichloroborazene and hexamethyldisilazane lead to formation of a gel which, upon thermolysis, gives hexagonal boron nitride. The BN has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. 

The boron nitride obtained in this study was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Trace elemental analyses were also performed by energy dispersive x-ray analysis and carbon arc emission spectroscopy. Representative spectra are displayed in Figures 2-4. 

The K-edge spectra of [Ni(287)2]2 and [Ni(cdt)2]2 are remarkably similar to each other and to those of natural hydrogenases.196 Some complexes with ligand (289) (R = NMe2, R = H, Me, NMe2) have been characterized using electronic and near infrared spectroscopy.823 Complex [Ni(289)2]2 served to study phase transformation behavior by microscopy and DSC.824... 

First-order phase transitions can be detected by various thermoanalytical techniques, such as DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) [31]. Phase transitions leading to visual changes can be detected by optical methods such as microscopy [3], Solid-solid transitions involving a change in the crystal structure can be detected by X-ray diffraction [32] or infrared spectroscopy [33], A combination of these techniques is usually employed to study the phase transitions in organic solids such as drugs. 

A comprehensive review of compositional and failure analysis of polymers, which includes many further examples of analysis of contaminants, inclusions, chemical attack, degradation, etc., was published in 2000 [2], It includes details on methodologies, sampling, and sample preparation, and microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. 

Analytical Microwave Spectroscopy Analytical Applications of Electron Microscopy Vol. 6 Analytical Infrared Spectroscopy... 

The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy [2] and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). 

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