Transition solid-liquid

Winter, H. H., Afours, M. Rheology of Polymers Near Liquid-Solid Transitions. Vol. 134,pp. 165-234. 

HH Winter, M Mours. Rheology of polymers near liquid-solid transitions. Adv Polym Sci 134 165-234, 1997. 

Rheology of Polymers Near Liquid-Solid Transitions... 

Patterns of Relaxation Near the Liquid-Solid Transition. 170... 

Viscoelastic Properties at and Around the Liquid-Solid Transition. . 189... 

Fig. 4. Schematic of the divergence of the longest relaxation time as the liquid-solid transition is approached from either side...

All models described up to here belong to the class of equilibrium theories. They have the advantage of providing structural information on the material during the liquid-solid transition. Kinetic theories based on Smoluchowski s coagulation equation [45] have recently been applied more and more to describe the kinetics of gelation. The Smoluchowski equation describes the time evolution of the cluster size distribution N(k) ... 

This most simple model for the relaxation time spectrum of materials near the liquid-solid transition is good for relating critical exponents (see Eq. 1-9), but it cannot be considered quantitatively correct. A detailed study of the evolution of the relaxation time spectrum from liquid to solid state is in progress [70], Preliminary results on vulcanizing polybutadienes indicate that the relaxation spectrum near the gel point is more complex than the simple spectrum presented in Eq. 3-6. In particular, the relation exponent n is not independent of the extent of reaction but decreases with increasing p. 

Beyond the notion of physical networks in which flexible strands are connected by junctions, we will use the term physical gelation in the widest possible sense for polymeric systems which undergo liquid-solid transition due to any... 

The liquid-solid transition for these systems seems to have the same features as for chemical gelation, namely divergence of the longest relaxation time and power law spectrum with negative exponent. 

Liquid-solid transitions in suspensions are especially complicated to study since they are accompanied by additional phenomena such as order-disorder transition of particulates [98,106,107], anisotropy [108], particle-particle interactions [109], Brownian motion, and sedimentation-particle convection [109], Furthermore, the size, size distribution, and shape of the filler particles strongly influence the rheological properties [108,110]. More comprehensive reviews on the rheology of suspensions and rubber modified polymer melts were presented by Metzner [111] and Masuda et al. [112], respectively. 

---