Information risk management

It is neither always appropriate nor always necessary to use a formal risk management process (using recognized tools and/or internal procedures, e.g., standard operating procedures). The use of informal risk management processes (using empirical tools and/or internal procedures) can also be acceptable. 

Results from the risk assessment are used to inform risk management. The risk manager uses the risk information in conjunction with factors such as the social importance of the risk, the social acceptability of the risk, the economic impacts of risk reduction, engineering, and legislative mandates when deciding on and implementing risk management approaches. 

At the end of Section 5.2 we concluded that in order to make a well-informed risk management of chemicals possible, REACH would have to provide us with the minimal information necessary for determining whether a substance is classifiable with respect to the standard criteria for endpoints such as acute toxicity, irritation, sensitization, carcinogenicity, and ecotoxicity. We can now answer the question whether this is achieved for substances produced in yearly volumes above 10 t by at least one producer it will be achieved by the year 2018 for most of these endpoints (but not for carcinogenicity). 

Figure 7.4 shows that risk reduction Option 1 resnlts in a benefit of 25% reduction in risk, as compared to the baseline risk level. The level of risk calculated for the baseline operation and the options is the sum of the F-N pairs used to create Figure 7.5. The combination of Option 1 and Option 2 increases the benefit by an additional 25%, to a total of 50% redaction from the baseline, but at a cost eight times higher than Option 1 alone.. This type of information not only clarifies the risk mitigation associated with each design option, but also illustrates the comparison on a cost -benefit basis. Using the resnlts from the F-N curve in Figure 7.3 alone may have influenced the decision that Option 1 should be selected over Option 2. However, considering both the benefits and costs enables a comparison that will result in better informed risk management decisions.

With this backdrop on understanding the complexity involved in answering What is safe let s consider the formal and informal risk management processes. 

Again it should be emphasised that the use of informal risk management processes could be acceptable if the risk assessment and the conclusion are well documented. 

Given data on EHSlS risks and an informed risk management framework, a range of specific risk management options can be derived both from the... 

Risk analysis is the process of gathering data and synthesizing information to develop an understanding of the risk of a particular enterprise. Risk analysis usually involves several of the five risk management activities shown in Figure 1. CPI companies have many possible applications... 

This is poor risk management. Applied to a turboexpander in eritieal serviee it translates into bad business praetiee. This segment will deseribe three baste strategies appropriate for turboexpanders (and indeed all rotating maehinery). The ehoiee of strategy should not be left to the manufaeturer. It needs to fit the operator s speeifie appli-eation and eomfort level. The manufaeturer s resourees and teehnieal expertise should be used to support the deeision proeess by providing relevant information. 

Many maintenance risks are related to unclear and unsafe procedures. See Chapter 6. Additional information regarding management of change can be found in Chapter 7 of the CCPS Guidelines for Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety (CCPS, 1989b). 

Process definition and design criteria Process and equipment design Company memory (management information) Documentation of risk management decisions Protective systems Normal and upset conditions Chemical and occupational health hazards... 

Process risk management Define process information needs Develop PHA procedure flow Document PHA procedures Define staff training needs Develop follow-up tracking process... 

The remaining Sections e.xainine tluce important topics as tliey relate to the subject title of tliis book. Section 2.7 reviews the details of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (USEPA s) Risk Management Program while Section 2.8 provides information on the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA). The chapter continues with a short Section (2.9) on potential environmental violations and then concludes with a Section (2.10) on tlic Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. 

Risk-management System I Information relating to Clinical Trials... 

In this phase of the risk assessment, the validity and reliability of conclusions and advice to risk managers depend on the quality, reliability, and relevance of available exposure data. Therefore it is necessary to (1) critically review the facts from food composition tables and the reasons for differences reported by and within countries, (2) consider the way foods are categorized and thus made comparable (or not) in food consumption surveys, and (3) explore how to refine assessments as more information becomes available. ... 

Commercial software packages are available for conducting an LCA. A list of software packages, databases, and additional information on conducting an LCA are foimd at the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Web site http // www.epa.gov / rumrl/lcaccess / resources.html Software. 

Development of new and existing Risk Assessment Tools (e.g., Natural Hazards Electronic Map and Assessment Tools Information System—NHEMATIS), Risk Management Tools inclusive of all stakeholders in the process (e.g., CAN/CSA Q850-97 for risk management in Canada, CAN/CSA-Z763-96 specifically for environmental concerns) Effective Risk Communication. 

Process Knowledge and Documentation—The main features here are process definition and design criteria, process and equipment design, company memory (management information), documentation of risk management decisions, protective systems, normal and upset con-dtions, and chemical and occupational health hazards. 

A special assessment procedure that aims at tackling uncertain consequences of human activities is called risk assessment (RA). The main objective of risk assessment is to use the best available information and knowledge for identifying hazards, estimating the risks and making recommendations for risk management (World Bank, 1997). 

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