Information-intensive systems

Even the use of loose couplers is now on the verge of a major transition as it expands from the network and data layers to the application layer. Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) are today one of the most talked-about technical approaches for building large complex, information intensive systems. Such architectures are designed to produce reusable, loosely coupled services that enable users to access the functions encapsulated in the application layer. In this context as well, loosely coupled services minimize the a priori knowledge needed by unanticipated users. 

With rapid advances in hardware, database management and information processing systems, efficient and competitive manufacturing has become an information-intensive activity. The amounts of data presently collected in the field on a routine basis are staggering, and it is not unusual to find plants where as many as 20,000 variables are continuously monitored and stored (Taylor, 1989). 

In multichannel systems, a coupling channel is used as the equivalent to an n-channel intensity system. This system is also known under the names dynamic crosstalk or generalized intensity coding. Instead of n different channels, for part of the spectrum only one channel with added intensity information is transmitted [Fielder et ah, 1996, Johnston et ah, 1996],... 

An expert system shell developed in the MYCIN project is EMYCIN, which was used to develop other expert systems. One of these systems is PUEE, designed for the domain of heart disorders. Another outcome was the ventilator manager (VM) program developed as a collaborative research project between Stanford University and Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco within the scope of a Ph.D. thesis by Lawrence M. Fagan [6]. VM was designed to interpret on-line quantitative data in the intensive care unit. The system measures the patient s heart rate, blood pressure, and the status of operation of a mechanical ventilator that assists the patient s breathing. Based on this information, the system controls the ventilator and makes necessary adjustments. 

As discussed in Chapter 4, as companies are becoming increasingly information intensive and the costs, and wider impacts, associated with downtime, more widely understood UPS systems are diffusing more rapidly into the... 

Manufacturing Systems Integration (MISD)-NIST http //www.nist.gov/el/msid/index.cfm (accessed October 27,2010). The MSID s purpose is to develop technologies and standards that can be used to implement information-intensive manufacturing systans. Through this link, readers can find their products and tools, publications, services, and a description of their major research areas. 

Balducelli, C., Bologna, S., Lavalle, L. Vicoli, G. 2007. Safeguarding information intensive critical infrastructures against novel types of emerging failures. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol.92, p.1218-1229. 

With interconnected and software intensive systems, availability and safety depend increasingly on security aspects. Threats to information security also threaten the availability or safety of a system [1]. Dependability of software intensive systems depends not only on the reliability of the used software but also on the security of the Information System. Information security is increasingly interwoven with all aspects of dependability [2]. Recent events like Stuxnet or Duqu demonstrated vulnerabilities in industrial or embedded IT-Systems. In order to remove or reduce these risks holistic analytical methods are necessary. 

We describe the common traits of supply chains in EE - country-specific preferences, informal logistics infrastructure, labor intensive systems, and distribution systems. 

Moving the transducer along the concrete surface one is able to directly compare the data from different positions simultaneously reeieving information on intensity and phases of the signal and their relative changes. A Pentium-PC, included in tlie testing-system,... 

Katritzky and Topsom have reviewed the information available, largely from infrared and n.m.r. studies, concerning the distortion of the tt-electron system in the benzene ring brought about in the ground state by substituents. Of particular interest is the observation that both n.m.r. studies (of m- F and chemical shifts) and infrared investigations (of the intensities of bands due to certain skeletal vibrations) suggest that the value of Taft s [Pg.226]

CS4JSI/SND. The Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service (CAN/ SND) is provided by the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (ClSTl), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. It contains 140,000 ir spectra of 96,000 compounds. Entries consist of peak locations and some intensities. This system is searchable on-line using the SPIR (Search Program for Infrared Spectra) (85). Table 9 summarizes the available databases in the area of spectra. 

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