Information conceptual

Criteria. The next question to consider is what criteria are appropriate to enable the teacher to determine the degree of student success Is complete mastery of a particular topic desired, or is the expectation that students will show incremental gains appropriate to their age and educational experience Will students be expected to demonstrate their abilities to follow an algorithm or to process information conceptually Will credit be given only for the right answer or will the student be given the opportunity to display each step of a critical thinking process ... 

At each phase of a project cost information is required to enable decisions to be taken. In the conceptual phase these estimates may be very approximate (e.g. + 35% accuracy), reflecting the degree of uncertainty regarding both reservoir development and surface options. As the project becomes better defined the accuracy of estimates should improve. 

The two sources of stochasticity are conceptually and computationally quite distinct. In (A) we do not know the exact equations of motion and we solve instead phenomenological equations. There is no systematic way in which we can approach the exact equations of motion. For example, rarely in the Langevin approach the friction and the random force are extracted from a microscopic model. This makes it necessary to use a rather arbitrary selection of parameters, such as the amplitude of the random force or the friction coefficient. On the other hand, the equations in (B) are based on atomic information and it is the solution that is approximate. For ejcample, to compute a trajectory we make the ad-hoc assumption of a Gaussian distribution of numerical errors. In the present article we also argue that because of practical reasons it is not possible to ignore the numerical errors, even in approach (A). 

During process development, a model can be developed as soon as a conceptual flow sheet has been formulated. This model can be updated as more information about the process is obtained. Even at an early stage in the project, the model can be used to assess the preliminary economics of the process and the effect of technological changes on these economics. The model can aid in interpreting pilot-plant data and allows the study of many process alternatives. 

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) A diagram that shows the material flow from one piece of equipment to the other in a process. It usually provides information about the pressure, temperature, composition, and flow rate of the various streams, heat duties of exchangers, and other such information pertaining to understanding and conceptualizing the process. 

Upon completion of both the preliminary and detailed site investigation, a conceptual model can be prepared. A conceptual model is essentially a site model which includes all of the information that has been acquired for the site from both preliminary and detailed investigations, as well as other investigations not directly related to the site. The conceptual model can be anything from simple diagrams to detailed computer simulations, depending ujran the complexity of the site. The model must be continually updated to include new information as it is developed. 

Instead of the human being conceptualized as a passive system element, to be treated in the same way as a pump or valve, the cognitive approach emphasizes the fact that people impose meaning on the information they receive, and their actions are almost always directed to achieving some explicit or implicit goal. 

Once the primary considerations of size, height, conceptual layout, structural loads, servicing (mechanical, electrical, communications, public health, statutory services) requirements, access, material and personnel traffic, etc. have been addressed, a facility brief can be produced to allow collation of the basic project planning information ... 

This collection of worksheets (about three per chapter) is for students to use in collaborative groups. Designed to stimulate group activity and discussion, the questions provided on each worksheet are equally conceptually and quantitatively oriented. Also included are instructions for use, information on how to guide student discussion, and supporting data on the success of cooperative learning at the University of Connecticut... 

The value of the second (conceptual) definition is that it contains more information about stardom. If accurate, it has the deeper significance. It might help the basketball coach more in developing the optimum characteristics of his squad. It permits him to predict athletic skill in advance of the first game. 

Many successful projects have shown that application information can be divided into the following four categories Terminology, Special Characteristics, Abstract Functions, and Graphics. Although these categories are the basis for the searchable application data base, each project requires a conceptual phase to define how to focus. 

The above information was used to develop conceptual flowsheets for the extraction of all of the actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) from high-level liquid waste from PUREX processing using 0.4 M 0fuel using 0.8 M DHDECMP in DEB. In both flowsheets, no oxidation state of Pu is necessary since the III, IV, and VI state extract into the organic phase. 

The pitfalls of a computer model are obvious in that it is only a conceptual representation of the reactor and includes only as many aspects of the real reactor as present knowledge permits. In addition, even the most perfectly conceived description will still depend upon the accuracy of the physically measured constants used in the model for the quality of the process representation. The goal of this report is, however, only to show conceptual trends and the technological base is developed to the extent that the conceptual trends will be correct. In some respects the computer model is a better process development tool than the pilot plant used for the LDPE process since the pilot reactor does not yield directly scaleable information. The reader should take care to direct his attention to the trend information and conceptual differences developed in this work very little attention should be paid to the absolute values of the parameters given. 

One-electron pictures of molecular electronic structure continue to inform interpretations of structure and spectra. These models are the successors of qualitative valence theories that attempt to impose patterns on chemical data and to stimulate experimental tests of predictions. Therefore, in formulating a one-electron theory of chemical bonding, it is desirable to retain the following conceptual advantages. 

Thus each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5-10 years are presented, using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. A description of the laboratory procedures involved is often useful to the reader. The coverage is not exhaustive in data, but rather conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. 

Prediction, as well as analysis, is also important. Conceptually, the difference is clear, but it is seldom properly appreciated. Risk is associated with predictions, but there should not be any significant risk associated with an analysis. To put it rather simply Prediction is about making informed, educated guesses about uncertain, untested events, whereas analysis is about... 

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