Infectious diseases useful contacts

Drugs There is an antitoxin stored at the CDC. To arrange to use this antitoxin, call your state health department (or CDC at 404-639-2206 or 404-639-3753 workdays, or call weekends or evenings at 404-639-2888). This chemotherapy (antitoxin) available from CDC is a licensed trivalent equine antitoxin for serotypes A, B, and E. There is no reversal of botulism disease with this drug, but the antitoxin does usually prevent further nerve damage. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has a heptavalent equine despeciated antitoxin for serotypes A - G (IND). DOD also has pentavalent toxoid (vaccine) for serotypes A - E (IND). The currently recommended schedule is for use at zero, two, and twelve weeks with a one year booster. This vaccine is supposed to induce solidly protective antitoxin levels in greater that 90 percent of those vaccinated after one year. Contact USAMRIID, (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases), Fort Detrick, Maryland. Tel. 301-619-2833. 

Supportive measures that would complement antimicrobial effectiveness and assist recovery of the animal from the infection should be provided. In neonatal animals, care must be taken to avoid a too-rapid rate of intravenous fluid administration. Fever may serve a useful purpose in infectious diseases, and the change in body temperature may be used to assess the progress of the infection. In the presence of an infectious diseased, the only indication for an antipyretic drug, e.g. aspirin or paracetamol (acetaminophen) in dogs but not in cats metamizole (dipyrone) or sodium salicylate administered intravenously to horses, is to decrease body temperature to below a dangerous level, 41°C (105.8°F). Concurrent therapy with a NSAID and an aminoglycoside antibiotic increases the risk of nephrotoxicity. If the infection is suspected to be contagious, the diseased and in-contact animals should be isolated. 

Employee exposures include biological risks from infectious diseases and agents snch as staph, strep, and HBV. Formaldehyde exposures from contact with cadavers pose a real hazard. Use appropriate PPE. Additional protections may apply during autopsies. Ensure the operation of appropriately... 

Besides the many infectious diseases and traumatic injuries farmers risk on a regular basis, pesticide exposure often daily and in concentrated form presents a unique hazard [i]. It can lead to problems ranging from acute illness, such acute toxicity, irritant contact dermatitis, or bronchitis, to carcinogenesis and immune-system disorders [2]. Approximately 60% of all pesticides used in the United States are applied in the agricultural industry. 

Hepatitis B is an infectious and contagious disease whose main routes of transmission are sexual relations, exposure to blood and its derivatives, perinatal exposure, use of contaminated needles and syringes and contact with skin lesions of... 

The occurrence of laboratory-acquired infections in research workers is not the only problem in biosafety. The other major concern is the potential for release of infectious agents that may cause secondary infections in nonlaboratory workers and other contacts. Fortunately, the potential for such serious outbreaks of laboratory-acquired disease seems to be small. Data derived from studies at the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Animal Disease Center showed that, during the years from 1960 to 1975, no instances of secondary infection in other laboratory workers or in nonlaboratory contacts occurred as the result of the laboratory-acquired infections of 18 research workers who used animal pathogens that were also infective for humans (448). However, the potential for outbreaks of laboratory-associated disease does exist as there are reports in the literature of instances of secondary transmission of laboratory-acquired Marburg disease (283), Q fever (38), and smallpox (105,518). Fortunately, the low level of occurrence of such incidents suggests that... 

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