Infection pattern

Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel M, Firm T, et al. Heterogeneous Epstein-Barr virus infection patterns in peripheral T-cell lymphoma of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy type. Blood. 1992 80(7) 1804-1812. 

JIRAVANICHPAISAL p, SODERHALL K and SODERHALL I (2004) Effect of Water temperature on the immune response and infectivity pattern of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in freshwater crayfish . Fish Shellfish Immunol, 17,265-75. 

As an example, consider a system of size 20 x 20, and take N = 100, px = 2 and Pj = 3. What happens if we vary the parameter u between the value 1 and, say, 20 Gerhardt and Schuster found that when this system evolves from a random initial state (using the Moore neighborhood for updates), some combination of four basic behavioral types emerges [gerh89]. Behavioral types - which appear to depend most strongly on the value of the parameter u - are characterized by both the manner in which the fraction of sites that are infected (= / ) varies as a function of time and the kind of transition-wave spatial patterns that develop ... 

In both cases, a seeming virus stimulator (twinberry extract) and a virus inhibitor (tannic acid) operated in a more or less similar way in the cucumber-TMV system. They both affect the host defense mechanism against virus infection. The active component in twin-berry extract exhibits a mild and temporary interference, thus permitting virus to make further rounds of gain (ringlike patterns) while tannic acid produces a strong and permanent interference. 

Pomerantz RJ, Trono D, Feinberg MB, Baltimore D (1990) Cells nonproductively infected with HIV-1 exhibit an aberrant pattern of viral RNA expression a molecular model for latency. CeU... 

Another well-established area of mechanical finite-element analysis is in the motion of the structures of the human middle ear (Figure 9.3). Of particular interest are comparisons between the vibration pattern of the eardrum, and the mode of vibration of the middle-ear bones under normal and diseased conditions. Serious middle-ear infections and blows to the head can cause partial or complete detachment of the bones, and can restrict their motion. Draining of the middle ear, to remove these products, is usually achieved by cutting a hole in the eardrum. This invariably results in the formation of scar tissue. Finite-element models of the dynamic motion of the eardrum can help in the determination of the best ways of achieving drainage without affecting significantly the motion of the eardrum. Finite-element models can also be used to optimise prostheses when replacement of the middle-ear bones is necessary. 

Different strains of a number of bacterial species can be distinguished by their sensitivity to a collection of phages. Bacteria which can be typed in this way include Stop/ , aureus and Salmonella typhi. The particular strain ol say, Staph, aureus responsible for an outbreak of infection is characterized by the pattern of its sensitivity to a standard set of phages and then possible sources of infection are examined for the presence of that same phage type of Staph, aureus. 

Fig. 16.2 Incidence pattern for common-source outbreaks of infection where the source persists ( ) and where it is short-lived ( ).

Fig. 16.3 Propagated outbreaks of infection showing the incidence of new cases ( ), diseased individuals ( ), and recovered immune (A). The dotted line indicates the incidence pattern for an incompletely mixed population group.

Nordgren, J., Kindberg, E., Lindgren, P. E., Matussek, A., and Svensson, L. (2010). Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak with a secretor-independent susceptibility pattern, Sweden. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 81-87. 

The immune system uses many tools such as blood vessel dilation or constriction, causing fluid to flood an infected area, or designing special cells to kill bacteria or the infected cells in which they harbor. The pattern of these responses is either... 

---