Berry extraction

In both cases, a seeming virus stimulator (twinberry extract) and a virus inhibitor (tannic acid) operated in a more or less similar way in the cucumber-TMV system. They both affect the host defense mechanism against virus infection. The active component in twin-berry extract exhibits a mild and temporary interference, thus permitting virus to make further rounds of gain (ringlike patterns) while tannic acid produces a strong and permanent interference. 

RETENTION TIMES AND TENTATIVE STRUCTURES OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES IN THE UNHYDROLYSED BERRY EXTRACTS... 

Gurrier, P. D. Johnston, D. A. Rana, and C.P. Sharma. Saw palmetto berry extract inhibits cell growth and Cox-2... 

Cooney, J.M., Jensen, D.J., and McGhie, T.K., LC-MS identification of anthocyanins in boysen-berry extract and anthocyanin metabolites in human urine following dosing, J. Sci. Food Agric., 84, 237, 2004. 

In a recent paper, 17 amino acids commonly present in Sauvignon wine from the Coastal region of Croatia were determined by complete assignment of their resonances by the use of aH and 13C NMR spectroscopy (Kosir and Kidric, 2001). In 2003, the metabolite content of the skin and pulp of mature berry extracts for four wines from the Bordeaux area were analyzed (Pereira et ah, 2005). Differences readily observed were due to an absence of polyphenol content in pulp extracts (Fig. 4.20). PCA highlighted that sugars were mainly responsible for cluster separation among samples in both types of extracts. 

Xie JT, Wu JA, Mehendale S et al. (2004) Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the polysaccharides fraction from American ginseng berry extract in ob/ob mice. Phytomedicine 11 182-187... 

Table II. Gravimetric Analysis of Pimento Berry Extract...

Dried berries extracted with CH3OH yielded after repeated chromatography 2 x 10 %... 

It has been used to a certain extent in calico-printing as a substitute for Persian-berry extract and fustic extract. An... 

The amount of V. agnus-castus contained in oral tablets or capsules varies depending on whether the product contains crushed fruit or extract of the berry. For example, tablet or capsule formulations have included the following Chaste Berry 450 mg/Chase Berry Extract 50 mg, Chastetree fruit 500 mg, Chaste Berry Dried Extract 1.6-3.0 mg corresponding to 20 mg Vitex, Chaste Tree Berry Extract (0.5% agnuside) 225 mg. Commercial extract forms of chasteberry are usually standardized to contain 6% agnuside constituent (5,10). Chasteberry liquid extract may or may not contain alcohol. 

Due to the different methods used for evaluating antioxidant capacity of flavonoid from grapes and berries, direct comparisons between various species and products often cannot be made. However, a wide range of berry extracts, wines and juices... 

In a study of 92 Finnish edible and nonedible plant materials, a total of 15 berry samples were screened for antioxidant activity (Kahkonen et al., 1999). The activity was compared with the total phenolic content of the samples. Inhibition of methyl linoleate oxidation was used as a measure of antioxidant activity of berry acetone extracts and total phenolics determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method as GAE/g dry matter of extracts. Berry extracts were high in antioxidant activity among the... 

On the subject of sample preparation, analytical SFC can save the analyst considerable time, as illustrated by the SFC profile of the composition in a nutraceutical capsule containing sawtooth palmetto berry extract (Fig. 12). In this case, the extract was dissolved and diluted with a minimal amount of hexane and directly injected into the chromatograph. By density programming the CO2 mobile phase, a high-resolution chromatogram can be facilitated. The complexity of the sawtooth palmetto berry extract is apparent and... 

Figure 12 Capillary SFC analysis of capsule containing sawtooth palmetto berry extract.

Lee et al. (2005) proposed a method for analysis of flavonols in grape by performing berry extraction with acidified methanol (0.01% of 12 N HC1). After filtration, the solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue is dissolved in a 0.1 M citric acid buffer with pH 3.5. First, polyphenols are fractionated on a reverse-phase Ci8 cartridge (e.g., Sep-Pak 5g), then on a Sephadex LH-20 3-g cartridge (a cross-linked dextran-based stationary phase used for gel permeation, normal-phase partition, and adsorption chromatography). Four fractions finally are recovered by ethyl acetate and methanol, as shown in the f >w diagram Fig. 6.5. 

Figure 1 shows the scheme we currently use for the parallel determination of tannin and polymeric pigments in wines and berry extracts. The boxed branch... 

At Brigham Young University, in the department of biochemistry. Dr. John Mangum has been involved in testing juniper berry extract, as well as watercress, chaparral, and yarrow. The crystalhne anticancer agent occurs in what is called savin, which is obtained from the dried needles. 

Scholtysek, C. et al.. Characterizing components of the Saw Palmetto Berry Extract (SPBE) on prostate cancer cell growth and traction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 379, 795, 2009. 

Apple juice phenolic compound extracts have the property to induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells [147]. Quercetin and phloretin dose-dependently induced both caspase-3 activity and DNA cleavage under serum-free conditions. Phloretin at 100 pM induced both the death receptor as well as the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induction, detected by activation of the initiator caspases-8 and -9 and the effector caspases-3 and -7 as well as by PARP cleavage. Activation of caspase-9 was accompanied by release of cytochrome c and the mitochondrial protein Smac/DIABLO from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and upregulation of proapoptotic Bax levels [43,44,148]. In general, berry extracts have the ability to stimulate apoptosis of the HT-29, COX-2-expressing colon cancer cells. Black raspberry and strawberry extracts showed the most significant proapoptotic effects against this cell line [43] (Tables 1 and 6). 

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