Industrial diverse case studies

This second volume of the book presents the results obtained during the RISKCYCLE project, paying special attention to a set of selected additives in the diverse industrial sectors (i.e., PFOS, DEHP, Pb). Different methodologies have been used to analyze aspects such as the fate, human and environmental exposure, and toxicity of these compounds. Case studies have been developed to assess their risk in developing countries such as China or Vietnam. The findings have been presented in the different RISKCYCLE workshops as well as at the final conference in Dresden. 

From the case studies reported in this chapter, it has been shown that a systematic approach to failure analysis and contamination issues can be applied to a broad and diverse range of industrial problems. The use of techniques such as SEM, NMR, and FTIR can often provide information relevant to the cause of... 

A benchmark done in a European research project showed that in the context of the above described case study from the lacquer industry realistic model sizes could neither be solved by the timed automata model nor by the classic MILP approach. It affirmed though a new methodical approach which allows the modeling of diverse, relevant problem scenarios on a high level of detail in just one integrated model. This new approach is based on the so-called quant-based combinatorial... 

Chapters 15 and 16 apply thermodynamics to a variety of chemical processes. A case study approach is used in these two chapters to demonstrate the application of thermodynamics to such diverse fields as biochemistry, geochemistry, and industrial chemistry. In these chapters, no attempt is made to be comprehensive in covering the field. Instead, examples have been chosen that demonstrate the thermodynamic principles as they apply to problems in different disciplines. 

In front of the diversity and the complexity of supercritical fluid extraction, we dispose of all experimental and theoretical tools to compute and extrapolate pilot plant experimental data to an industrial unit. A lot of theoretical thermodynamic and kinetic data are now available, and experimental extractions carried out on pilot plants allow to build extrapolation models, from the very simple ones (like it is described in this case study) to the very sophisticated ones based on a numerical simulation software and taking into account hydrodynamic, thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena. 

Rock, J. C. and Anderson, S. A., Benoits of designing for ventilation diversity in a large industrial research laboratory — A case study., Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 11 (10), Oct.1996. 

The book is divided into themed chapters covering a diverse range of industrial case studies, from pharmaceuticals to cement. While not going too in-depth into fundamental aspects, the book covers almost all paradigms of MM, and references are provided for further learning. The text includes more than 100 color illustrations of molecular models. 

In the NACE guidelines, failures are classified into the eight forms of corrosion popularized by Fontana, with minor modifications. The eight forms of corrosion are subdivided into three further categories to reflect the ease of visual identification (Fig. 5.1). Each form of corrosion is described in a separate chapter, together with a number of case histories from diverse branches of industry. An attempt was made to treat each case study in a consistent manner with information on the corrosion mechanism, material, equipment, environment, time to failure, comments, and importantly, remedial actions. It is interesting to note that if stress, geometry, and temperature factors had also been... 

The chapter begins with an initial historical overview, based on firm-level evidence from nine Sub-Saharan African countries. It then compares and contrasts the industrial history of pharmaceuticals in three case study countries, Tanzania, Kenya and Zimbabwe, for which we have field data. These three countries cannot represent the highly diverse industrial history of Sub-Saharan Africa (henceforth often referred to as just Africa). Rather, they provide support and background for some of the generalizations suggested by the overview, and identify some illustrative similarities and differences in the pharmaceutical sector s roots and evolutionary trajectories across African countries. The case studies also identify a number of themes explored in depth in the rest of the book. 

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