Inductively coupled plasma applications

Accurate, precise isotope ratio measurements are important in a wide variety of applications, including dating, examination of environmental samples, and studies on drug metabolism. The degree of accuracy and precision required necessitates the use of special isotope mass spectrometers, which mostly use thermal ionization or inductively coupled plasma ionization, often together with multiple ion collectors. 

P. W. J. M. Boumans, ed.. Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, 2 Vols. ( Methodology, Instrumentation, and Peformance Applications and Eundamentals),]oVn. Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1987. 

Laser based mass spectrometric methods, such as laser ionization (LIMS) and laser ablation in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are powerful analytical techniques for survey analysis of solid substances. To realize the analytical performances methods for the direct trace analysis of synthetic and natural crystals modification of a traditional analytical technique was necessary and suitable standard reference materials (SRM) were required. Recent developments allowed extending the range of analytical applications of LIMS and LA-ICP-MS will be presented and discussed. For example ... 

Inductively coupled plasma Plasmas generated by application of radiofrequency power to a nonresonant inductive coil and maintained by an inductive electromagnetic field. Low-pressure ICP is a high-density plasma source. 

An inductively coupled plasma formed by passing argon through a quartz torch is widely used for the mass spectroscopic analysis of metal compounds separated by online HPLC.6 Samples are nebulized on introduction into the interface. Plasma impact evaporates solvent, and atomizes and ionizes the analyte. Applications include separation of organoarsenic compounds on ion-pairing F4PLC and vanadium species on cation exchange. 

S.J. Hill (ed.), Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry and Its Applications, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield (1999). 

A.R. Date and A.L. Gray, Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Blackie, Glasgow (1989). 

Tykot, R. H. and S. M. M. Young (1996), Archaeological applications for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, in Orna, M. V. (ed.), Archaeological Chemistry, Advances in Chemistry Series, Vol. 5, ACS, Washington, DC, pp. 116-130. 

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Basic Concepts, Instrumental Aspects, Applications and Trends. By A. Benninghoven, F. G. Ruenauer, and H.W.Werner Analytical Applications of Lasers. Edited by Edward H. Piepmeier Applied Geochemical Analysis. By C. O. Ingamells and F. F. Pitard Detectors for Liquid Chromatography. Edited by Edward S.Yeung Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy Part 1 Methodology, Instrumentation, and Performance Part II Applications and Fundamentals. Edited by J. M. Boumans... 

There is a branch of MS specially designed for dealing with the analysis of inorganic materials.[21,22] Different specific ionization techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),[23] glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS)[24] and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),[25] are available and they are widely used in cultural heritage applications. Their description is beyond the scope of this chapter. 

The corrosion of antimony electrodes was also measured using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for dissolved antimony in vivo [156], After the electrodes were inserted in the plasma, the antimony concentration showed a linear rise with time at a rate approximately of 94 j,g/L/h (r2 = 0.997). Although the projected antimony concentration is lower than the safe limit, accumulation of dissolved antimony and localized toxic effects in tissue may prevent the antimony electrode from long-term implantable applications. 

Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the application of new techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry with and without graphite furnace and Zeeman background correction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluo-... 

At present, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides a unique, powerful alternative for the determination of rare earths in natural samples [638,639]. Nevertheless, its application to the determination of rare earths at ultratrace concentration level in seawater is limited, because highly saline samples can cause both spectral interferences and matrix effects [640]. Therefore, a separation of the matrix components and preconcentration of the analytes are prerequisites. To achieve this goal, many preconcentration techniques have been used, including coprecipitation with... 

Since about 1990, however, inductively coupled plasma (ICP, see Section 2.1.5) has become increasingly popular at the expense of TI in this area of application [9]. Although TI can provide better results for some analyses, ICP is more versatile and requires less sample preparation effort. Moreover, the advantage of better precision for TI is often compromised by the sample, for example, sample inhomogeneity. Nevertheless, there are still many examples where TI is used, such as for isotope analysis [10-13] and geochronology [14]. 

Inductively coupled plasma technique, silver analysis via, 22 651 Inductively heated furnaces, 12 739 Industrial activities, categories of, 25 917 Industrial alcohol, specifications for, 10 545 Industrial applications... 

Owing to their superior fluorescent yield, heavy elements ordinarily yield considerably more intense XRF bands than the light elements. This feature can be exploited to determine the concentration of inorganic species in a sample, or the concentration of a compound that contains a heavy element in some matrix. Many potential XRF applications have never been developed owing to the rise of atomic spectroscopic methods, particularly inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [74]. Nevertheless, under the right set of circumstances, XRF analysis can be profitably employed. 

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