Electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma applications

Zheng, F. and Hu, B. (2008) Novel bimodal porous A/-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-silica monolithic capillary microextraction and its application to the fractionation of aluminum in rainwater and fruit juice by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B, 63, 9-18. 

Richner, R, and Wunderli, S. (1993). Differentiation between organic and inorganic chlorine by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Application to the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in waste oHs.J.Aruil.At. Spectrom. 8(1), 45-50. 

To optimize the applicability of the electrothermal vaporization technique, the most critical requirement is the design of the sample transport mechanism. The sample must be fully vaporized without any decomposition, after desolvation and matrix degradation, and transferred into the plasma. Condensation on the vessel walls or tubing must be avoided and the flow must be slow enough for elements to be atomized efficiently in the plasma itself. A commercial electrothermal vaporizer should provide flexibility and allow the necessary sample pretreatment to introduce a clean sample into the plasma. Several commercial systems are now available, primarily for the newer technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. These are often extremely expensive, so home built or cheaper systems may initially seem attractive. However, the cost of any software and hardware interfacing to couple to the existing instrument should not be underestimated. 

Various efficient devices have been utilized for sample introduction into an inductive plasma source, for example the application of several nebulizers, hyphenated techniques, hydride generation, laser ablation and electrothermal vaporization. The role of the solution introduction system in an inductively coupled plasma source is to convert the liquid sample into a suitable form (e.g.,... 

---