Light evaluation

See others criticism of you in a more positive light. Evaluate what the person is saying. Is the criticism valid and constructive Can you gain something from this feedback that will help you improve your performance ... 

Although distillation and elemental analysis of the fractions provide a good evaluation of the qualities of a crude oil, they are nevertheless insufficient. Indeed, the numerous uses of petroleum demand a detailed molecular analysis. This is true for all distillation fractions, certain crude oils being valued essentially for their light fractions used in motor fuels, others because they make quality lubricating oils and still others because they make excellent base stocks for paving asphalt. 

During the course of operations such as filling and draining tanks and vessels, light hydrocarbons are lost. These losses are expressed as volume per cent of liquid. According to Nelson (1958), the losses can be evaluated by the equation (/ (/... 

As should be expected, both (fg ) and r show the same dependence on the degree of polymerization or molecular weight. Since the radius of gyration can be determined experimentally through the measurement of viscosity or light scattering, it is through this quantity that we shall approach the evaluation of 1. 

Now suppose we consider another extreme of the same type of experiment. This time we alternate extremely short light and dark periods of equal duration. If we again start with [M-] =0 when the light goes on, we expect the type of behavior shown in Fig. 6.5d, where the radical buildup is interrupted by the extinction of the light before it reaches [M-] We could use Eq. (6.43) to evaluate the maximum radical concentration achieved, if that were the... 

Fox and Floryf used experimental molecular weights, intrinsic viscosities, and rms end-to-end distances from light scattering to evaluate the constant in Eq. (9.55). For polystyrene in the solvents and at the temperatures noted, the following results were assembled ... 

Equations (10.17) and (10.18) show that both the relative dielectric constant and the refractive index of a substance are measurable properties of matter that quantify the interaction between matter and electric fields of whatever origin. The polarizability is the molecular parameter which is pertinent to this interaction. We shall see in the next section that a also plays an important role in the theory of light scattering. The following example illustrates the use of Eq. (10.17) to evaluate a and considers one aspect of the applicability of this quantity to light scattering. 

The slope-intercept ratios have units of cubic centimeters per gram, and the intercepts are c/R where the subscript v indicates vertically polarized light. In this case Ky = 47t (n "/dc2The following values of n and dn/dc2 can be used to evaluate Ky ... 

Measurement of Whiteness. The Ciba-Geigy Plastic White Scale is effective in the visual assessment of white effects (79), but the availabihty of this scale is limited. Most evaluations are carried out (ca 1993) by instmmental measurements, utilising the GIF chromaticity coordinates or the Hunter Uniform Color System (see Color). Spectrophotometers and colorimeters designed to measure fluorescent samples must have reversed optics, ie, the sample is illuminated by a polychromatic source and the reflected light passes through the analy2er to the detector. 

These two test methods and the octane numbers of the fuels measured are ultimately used to evaluate the performance of vehicles. The two methods provide usehil information about how fuels perform in cars. The RON corresponds to light load, low speed conditions, whereas the MON corresponds to heavier loads, and high speed severe driving conditions. 

Aliphatic isocyanates have a small but growing market application in thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). Medical appflcafions include wound dressings, catheters, implant devices, and blood bags. A security glass system using light-stable TPU as an inner layer is under evaluation for shatterproof automotive windshield appflcafions. 

Subsequent to processing, an inspection is made for incomplete bonding, inside dirt, and glass quaUty. In the case of windshields, rigid optical standards must be met, and these must be evaluated for the completed windshield. Extensive test requirements are described in the appropriate codes (11,12,15,18—24), and they include light stabiUty, resistance to optical distortion, humidity, boil test, abrasion resistance, and assorted impact tests. 

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