INDEX failure mechanism

In the case that two independent random variables describe the failure mechanism of the structure, it is typically the case of the well known model of stress-strength or load-resistance it may be easy to assess Eq. (3). Let R be the resistance random variable with respectively mean, mu, and standard deviation, ag. Let S be the random variable that models the stress, with respectively mean, ms, and standard deviation, as-Therefore, the reliability index can be calculated as ... 

In this case, the proposed damage index along with the geometric and constitutive formulation used for beams is able to reproduce the general failure mechanism of the structure where dissipation is mainly concentrated in the beam elements. 

Mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and yield point, that depend on crystallinity per se are not seriously affected by low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation. On the other hand, those mechanical properties that are sensitive to interlamellar activity are most dramatically affected by the low to moderate radiation doses. This is seen in the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at failure of the polyolefins. It is also reflected in the large change in melt index between 0 and 18 Mrad, which indicates formation of cross-links that increase with increasing... 

Measurement techniques of the elastic moduli, 388 Mechanical behaviour and failure, 819 Mechanical comfort, 879 Mechanical properties of solid polymers, 383 various materials, 389 Melt/Melting, 167, 700 elasticity, 316 expansion, 97 flow index, 801, 802 flow rate diagram, 801 fracture, 578 number, 579 strength, 799, 812 Merkel number, 59 Mesogenic groups, 34 in the main chain, 177 side-chain, 179 Mesogenic polymers, 172... 

Since at pH 2 virtually all the 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid will be in the free acid form, this partition coefficient—and therefore the sorption index—would be constant if extraction is the mechanism by which the free acid is absorbed. Table IV shows reasonable constancy for the sorption index over a wide range of organic contents except for the first three soils—i.e., soils 3, 4, and 7. There are at least two possible causes for failure of this relationship in these cases other components contributing significantly to sorption, and analytical uncertainty in or-... 

Numerous behavioral measures have been evaluated for their usefulness in providing a sensitive index of exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation-related mental retardation is the most likely type of behavioral abnormality in humans sensitivity peaked between 8 and 15 weeks of conception and doses >0.4 Gy. No specific mechanism for the production of mental retardation has been established, although proposed mechanisms include the loss of cells, migration of neurons, and failure of synapto-genesis. In studies with rats, operant responses decreased (maintained by positive reinforcement such as food or water) at sublethal radiation doses (3.0-6.75 Gy) under various schedules of reinforcement. Dismpted operant responses under shock avoidance at >LD100 levels are reported in pigs and rhesus monkeys. 

Processing production of coal sample and physical mechanic parameters test are in strict accordance with the provisions of Measurement method of coal and rode physical and mechanical properties (GB/T 23561-2009), and Measurement method of coal seam impact tendency classification index (MT/T 866-2000). The experiment determined natural apparent density, compressive strength, consistent coefficient, elastic modulus, deformation modulus, wave velocity, rock burst energy index, elastic energy index, dynamic failure time, and other parameters. The determination results as shown in Table 1. 

Figure 2.36 shows that addition of this plasticizer to tetrafluoroethylene/peifluoro(alkyl vinyl) ether, TFE/PPVE, increases its melt flow index.Figure 2.37 shows that the addition of plasticizer causes almost hnear increase in the tensile strength. "" This is unusual and it is most likely caused by the modification of crystalhne structure and mode of failure. Addition of this plasticizer to polytetrafluoroethylene, FIFE, improves its mechanical performance and processing abilities by sintering. ""... 

Actually, on the potential failure surface, the physical and mechanical parameters such as strength parameters c and (jf in equation 1 may not be constants but be random variables. Thus, a deterministic theory cannot be used to assess the stability of such slopes. The stability of such slopes can be evaluated on the basis of probability of failure or reliability index of the stochastic theory. 

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