Deformation modulus

Short and tong chains had M = 1,100 and 18,500 g/mol, respectively. Composition was 82 mol % short chains. High deformation modulus 2Ct, and ultimate strength as measured by the modulus [/ ]r at rupture, are shown as a function of the extent of... 

The amount of polymer bonded in the interphase depends on the thickness of the interlayer and on the surface area, where the filler and the polymer are in contact with each other. The size of the interface is more or less proportional to the specific surface area of the filler, which is inversely proportional to particle size. In accordance with the above proposed explanation on the relation of the effect of immobilized polymer chains and the extent of deformation, modulus shows only a very weak dependence on the specific surface area of the filler [64]. 

A parameter variation showed that the HM-induced pressure responses depend on many parameters, including rock-mass deformation modulus, Biot s coupling constants, hydraulic permeability, and the magnitude and orientation of the in situ stress field. The three material parameters affect only the magnitude of the HM-induced pressure response. On the other hand, the magnitude and direction of the in situ stress field are important factors that determine where and when the fluid pressure will increase or decrease. 

The increase in modulus and yield stress with increase in pressure is to be expected on the basis of the available free volume. An increase in pressure decreases the free volume (i.e., increases the packing density) and as such enhances the resistance to deformation (modulus) or delays the onset of chain... 

Processing production of coal sample and physical mechanic parameters test are in strict accordance with the provisions of Measurement method of coal and rode physical and mechanical properties (GB/T 23561-2009), and Measurement method of coal seam impact tendency classification index (MT/T 866-2000). The experiment determined natural apparent density, compressive strength, consistent coefficient, elastic modulus, deformation modulus, wave velocity, rock burst energy index, elastic energy index, dynamic failure time, and other parameters. The determination results as shown in Table 1. 

Use of constrained deformation modulus, m, as determined from oedometer or Ko-triaxial tests... 

For the first method, it has been foimd most realistic to use the constrained deformation modulus (m) as determined from the reloading curve in the consolidation test. In the second method the sum of initial and consolidation settlements are calculated using E = 150 S and t) = 0.1. The relationship is obtained from Butler (1975) by the back-calculation of actually measured values. The consolidation settlement is then found by subtracting the initial settlement. 

Engineering Modulus Dynamic deformation modulus resistivity) Seismic velocity at surface, or with... 

Plate bearing test and Screw plate test Sand and clay Deformation modulus Modulus of subgrade reaction Bearing capacity Strictly applicable only if the deposit is uniform size effects must be considered in other cases ASTM D 1994-72 BS 5930 (1999)-Cl 25.6... 

Table 11-1. Classification of Moduli According to the Deformation Force Deformation Modulus...

An estimate of the numerical value of the deformation modulus of a jointed rock mass can be obtained from various in situ tests (see Chapter 7). The values derived from such tests are always smaller than those determined in the laboratory from intact core specimens. The more heavily the rock mass is jointed, the larger the discrepancy between the two values. Thus, if the ratio between these two values of deformation modulus is obtained from a number of locations on a site, the engineer can evaluate the rock mass quality. Accordingly, the concept of the rock mass factor, J, was introduced by Hobbs (1975), who defined it as the ratio of deformability of a rock mass to that of the intact rock (Table 2.5). 

Dependence of Mooney-Rivlin ratio, 2C2/2C1, on the molecular weight between cross links. The factor 2C measures the departure from affineness as the elongation increases, and 2Cj approximates the high-deformation modulus. The ratio decreases with decrease in network chain molecular weight, and with increase in junction functionality, as predicted by theory. ... 

Cyclics can change the properties of the network. Since cyclics restrict motion of the network chains, they should increase the modulus of an elastomer. Small but significant increases in low-deformation modulus have in fact been observed. Also, when PDMS cyclics are trapped in a thermoplastic, they can act as a plasticizer that is in a sense intermediate to the usual external (dissolved) and internal (copolymerized) varieties. Interesting changes in mechanical properties have been observed in materials of this type. ... 

Surrounding rock classification Elastic modulus (lO MPa) Deformation modulus (lO MPa) Poisson s ratio Density (kN/m ) Compression stress (MPa)... 

Strength and deformation modulus at principal loading directions,... 

A classification of anisotropy of foliated rocks based on the ultrasonic velocity was proposed by Tsidzi (1997). Other anisotropy indices were based on the deformation modulus and the Poisson ratio (Ramamurthy, 1993 and Kwasniewski, 1993), as well as on the tensile strength of rock. 

Stiffness and compliance of the grafts are evaluated through different moduli (Petterson modulus (Ep) or pressure-deformation modulus (Ep ), incremental elastic modulus (fiNc). pressure-diameter modulus (Epp,)) and distensibility measurements (compliance (%C), stiffness (jS), distensibility (D)) [43 5] (Eqns (15.1-15.6)). 

Fig. 1.32. The ultimate strength shown as a function of the high-deformation modulus for tetrafunctional PDMS networks containing a negligible number of dangling ends (o) and dangling ends introduced by using less than the stoichio-metrically required amount of end-linking agent ( ) [130]. In the latter case, a decrease in 2C corresponds to an increase in the number of dangling ends [130]. (Reproduced with permission copyright 1981, John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

The values of the high deformation modulus 2 Q for an end-linked -functional network may be interpreted using the equation ... 

The corresponding results for the trifunctional PDMS networks are presented in Fig. The values of A3 are also found to be essentially independent of V2c. but again somewhat exceed the predicted value, which is 1/3. The experimental value of the ratio A3/A4 characterizing the dependence of the high deformation modulus on cro -link functionality for this very limited range in 0 is thus 0.67 it is in essentially exact agreement with the theoretical value of... 

Values of the maximum extensibility of the networks are shown as a function of the high deformation modulus 2 Ci in Fig. The networks containing the dangling ends... 

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